Tree crown traits and planting context contribute to reducing urban heat |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;2. Urban Studies, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;3. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh;1. Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), New South Wales, Australia;2. School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia;3. Centre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;4. Australian Centre for Culture, Environment, Society and Space, School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;5. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori Cho, Nishitokyo City, Tokyo 118-0002, Japan;1. Department of phytology, FSAA., 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada;3. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;4. Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;1. The Department of Environmental, Geoinformatics and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;2. Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;3. Department of Economics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;1. University of Connecticut, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;2. University of Connecticut, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269 USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Urban warming affects many millions of city dwellers worldwide. The current study evaluated the extent to which trees reduce air and surface temperatures in urban settings across Greater Sydney, Australia. Summertime air and surface temperatures were measured directly in the shade of 470 individual trees planted in three contrasting contexts (parks, nature strips, asphalt) and compared with temperatures in paired adjacent areas receiving full sunlight. Differences between shade and sunlit temperatures were evaluated against measured morphological traits (leaf area index LAI], clear stem height, crown depth, height and diameter at breast height) for all trees. On average, tree shade reduced mean and maximum air temperatures by 1.1 °C and 3.7 °C, respectively. Temperatures of standardised reference surfaces (black and white tiles and artificial grass) in tree shade were up to 45 °C lower compared to full-sun exposure, and were also lower in parks and nature strips compared to asphalt settings. The surface temperature of shaded natural grass was cooler compared to sunlit natural grass, although this difference did not vary between nature strip and park settings. The magnitude of air and surface temperature reductions due to tree shade was significantly, positively related to tree-level LAI and these relationships were stronger in asphalt and park contexts compared to nature strips. These findings can inform decisions made by urban managers and planners around the selection of tree characteristics to enhance cooling benefits in different contexts, as an important step towards more liveable and resilient cities. |
| |
| Keywords: | Air temperature Greater Sydney Nature strips Parks Surface temperature Urban streets Tree shade |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
