Genotypic variation in water relations and gas exchange of urban trees in Detroit,Michigan, USA |
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| Institution: | 1. Michigan State University, Department of Horticulture, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, 48824 MI, USA;2. Michigan State University, Department of Forestry, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, 48824 MI, USA;1. Department of Geography and Meteorology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA;2. Baltimore Field Station, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Policy and Research, TreePeople, Beverly Hills, CA, USA;4. Departments of Urban Planning and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium;2. Centre for Environmental and Energy Law, Department of European, Public and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium;3. Quality Assurance Office, Department of Educational Policy, Ghent University, Belgium;4. Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium;5. Department of Infrastructure and Facility Management, Ghent University, Belgium;1. ARGANS Ltd, Sophia Antipolis, France;2. Ville de Aix-en-Provence, Direction des Espaces Verts, Aix-en-Provence, France;3. LAMMC, Girionys, Lithuania;4. ENEA, Rome, Italy;5. IRET-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;6. National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy;1. University Iuav, Palazzo Badoer, San Polo 2468, Venice, Italy;2. University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, P.O.W. 3/5, 90-255 ?ód?, Poland;3. Humboldt University Berlin, Rudower Ch 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;4. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;1. Federal University of Paraná, 58 Benedito de Souza St. apt. 1, Itanhaém, São Paulo 11740-000, Brazil;2. Federal University of Paraná, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, 632, Prefeito Lothario Meissner Ave., Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170, Brazil;3. Federal University of Paraná, 632, Prefeito Lothario Meissner Ave., Curitiba, Paraná 80210-170, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Increasing tree species diversity has become a key underpinning for communities to improve resilience of urban and community forests. Increasingly, urban forestry researchers are examining physiological traits to aid in selecting trees for urban sites. Knowledge of physiological responses also has implications for understanding species’ resilience to increased stresses associated with climate change. Here, we compare growth, leaf SPAD chlorophyll index, water relations, and gas exchange of seven genotypes of shade trees planted in two locations in downtown Detroit, MI, USA. Genotypes included Redpointe® maple (Acer rubrum ‘Frank Jr.’), Flashfire® maple (Acer saccharum ‘JFS-Caddo2′), Pacific Sunset® maple (Acer truncatum x platanoides ‘Warrenred’), Emerald City® tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera ‘JFS-Oz’), Chanticleer® pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Glen’s Form’), swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor), and Emerald Sunshine® elm (Ulmus propinqua ‘JFS-Bieberich’). Trees were planted in either Lafayette Plaisance Park (Park), a large urban greenspace, or on the median of St. Aubin Avenue (Median), a nearby major thoroughfare. Tree height growth and leaf SPAD index were higher for trees planted in the Park location than on the Median. However, genotypic variation was larger than the effects of location or the interaction of Genotype × Location for most traits. Across measurement dates, midday leaf water potential was lowest for Pyrus trees and highest for Ulmus and Liriodendron trees. Pyrus and Quercus trees had relatively high rates of net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) while Liriodendron, Acer saccharum, and Ulmus trees had low rates of A and gs. Liriodendron trees closed their stomata rapidly as leaf water potential (Ψw) declined (isohydric response), while Pyrus and Quercus trees maintained gs across a range of leaf Ψw (anisohydric response). Liriodendron trees also had the highest relative growth rates, suggesting that drought stress avoidance through isohydry is a viable drought tolerance mechanism in urban trees. |
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| Keywords: | Urban tree selection Net photosynthesis Leaf water potential SPAD chlorophyll index |
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