桃树水肥一体化追肥减氮对产量影响初探

探索在保证桃果产量、品质和农民收益的前提下，利用水肥一体化技术，在基肥相同的情况下，进行减少追施氮肥的试验。达到精量施肥、最优生产的目标，以实现节约资源、保护环境。结果表明,桃树水肥一体化条件下，所有施肥处理的桃树产量极显著高于不施肥处理。追肥减氮10%、追肥减氮20%和追肥减氮30%处理与常规施肥处理的桃树产量相比产量降低。常规施肥处理桃树产量与追肥减氮10%差异不显著，追肥减氮20%桃树产量与追肥减氮10%相比产量降低，但差异不显著，但与追肥减氮30%处理相比产量显著降低。追肥减氮30%桃树产量与追肥减氮20%相比产量降低，但差异不显著。追肥减氮比例越高，桃树产量降低越多。因此,在桃树生产实践中利用追施氮肥时,可降低氮肥用量,降幅以控制在20%以内为宜。而水肥一体化不同追肥减氮比例对桃收获后土壤理化性状指标的影响进行分析发现减氮10%和减氮20%无显著变化，其中土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量甚至还略有升高。而追肥减氮30%与常规施肥相比，追肥减氮30%处理收获后土壤除pH外，其他各养分含量有所降低。通过对桃园经济效益分析知道追肥减氮10%的产投比与常规施肥是一样的，而追肥减氮20%其产投比略低，但差异不显著。因此综合考虑建议在桃树水肥一体化生产中利用追肥减氮应控制在20%以内。

A preliminary study on the effect of water-fertilizer integrated topdressing and nitrogen reduction on peach yield

Under the premise of ensuring the yield, quality and farmers'' income of peach fruit, the experiment of reducing top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer was carried out by using the technology of water-fertilizer integration under the same base fertilizer. To achieve the goal of precision fertilization, optimal production, in order to achieve the conservation of resources and protection of the environment. The results showed that, under the condition of water-fertilizer integration, the yield of all fertilized treatments was significantly higher than that of non-fertilized treatments. The yield of peach trees treated with 10% nitrogen reduction, 20% nitrogen reduction and 30% nitrogen reduction by top dressing were lower than those treated with conventional fertilization. There was no significant difference between the yield of peach trees treated with conventional fertilization and that treated with topdressing, but the yield of peach trees treated with topdressing decreased by 20% and 10% , respectively, but the difference was not significant, but compared with the treatment of topdressing and 30% nitrogen reduction, the yield decreased significantly. The yield of peach trees decreased by 30% and 20% nitrogen reduction with topdressing, but the difference was not significant. The higher the proportion of top dressing and nitrogen reduction, the lower the yield of peach trees. Therefore, when applying nitrogen fertilizer topdressing in peach production practice, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced, and the reduction range should be controlled within 20% . The effects of different ratios of top dressing and nitrogen reduction in water-fertilizer integration on soil physical and chemical properties after peach harvest were analyzed, and the results showed that the nitrogen reduction of 10% and 20% had no significant change, the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus even increased slightly. Compared with conventional fertilization, topdressing with 30% decreased the content of other nutrients except pH after harvest. The economic benefit analysis of Taoyuan shows that the yield-to-investment ratio of 10% nitrogen reduction by topdressing is the same as that by conventional fertilization, while the yield-to-investment ratio of 20% nitrogen reduction by topdressing is slightly lower, but the difference is not significant. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of topdressing fertilizer in the integrated production of water and fertilizer of peach trees should be controlled within 20% .