Heat tolerance of urban trees ? A review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. Research Center of Urban Forest National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, PR China;3. The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;4. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China;1. Cartography & GIS Research Group, Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;2. Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;3. Building, Architecture, & Town Planning (BATir) Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;1. Graduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Center for Ecological Syntheses and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The frequency and intensity of heat stress events globally have increased over the past 20 years. Climatic modeling predicts that this trend will continue throughout the 21st century, with the global land area experiencing heat waves doubling by 2020 and quadrupling by 2040. Due to the reflective nature of buildings and infrastructure, heat temperatures tend to be higher within urban landscapes than outlying rural areas. Heat stress influences processes from the molecular level to whole-tree biology. At the leaf level, photosynthesis is reduced, photo-oxidative stress increases, premature leaf abscission occurs, and the growth of leaves decreases. Growth decreases at the whole tree level, and biomass allocation between roots, shoots, leaves, and branches is altered. When drought and heat stress are combined, detrimental effects are considerably enhanced and, without irrigation, can quickly lead to tree death. There have been few studies regarding the heat tolerance of urban tree species. However, there is evidence of genetic variation in heat tolerance between and within species within forestry, which could be essential to exploit for urban trees. Understanding the mechanisms of tree physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to extreme heat events is also necessary for understanding how urban tree species will be affected by climate change. |
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| Keywords: | Heat waves High temperature Drought Thermal acclimation Heat tolerance Heat stress mitigation |
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