Spatiotemporal availability of pollinator attractive trees in a tropical streetscape: unequal distribution for pollinators and people |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;4. Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;5. Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;2. Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;3. Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China;1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;2. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation and Urban Forest Research Centre, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;3. Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China;4. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China;5. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori Cho, Nishitokyo City, Tokyo 118-0002, Japan;1. The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Rd., Kirtland, OH 44094, United States;2. Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States;1. GSA laboratory, National Architecture School Paris Malaquais, Service de la Recherche, 14 rue Bonaparte, CS 70614, Paris Cedex 0 75272, France;2. Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, F-75005 Paris, France;3. UMR 7204 CESCO, Muséum national d′Histoire naturelle/Sorbonne Université, Paris, France;1. Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;2. Imaging Laboratory Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;3. National Information Processing Institute, Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Street trees integrate the urban green infrastructure and are important elements for the maintenance of biodiversity, including pollinators. Thus, assessments of the spatiotemporal distribution and composition of these trees can subsidize strategies of conservation for different groups of pollinators in the cities. Here, we evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution of trees attractive to pollinators across the streetscape of a large Brazilian metropolis with more than 2.5 million inhabitants. We used the georeferenced data of ca. 300,000 woody plant individuals cataloged across the streetscape. These plants were characterized according to their geographical origin, flowering season, and the floral visitor groups that are attracted based on a literature survey. We also tested the “luxury effect” hypothesis on the resource availability to pollinators by evaluating the relationship between the average family income of the population and the richness and abundance of trees. We found that the streetscape was characterized by the dominance of a few tree species, with a balanced representation of both native and non-native species. Bees were the most favored group (94.86%) while bats (1.43%) and moths (1.73%) were the least. The potential supply of resources was homogeneous across dry and wet seasons, but the density of trees was reduced in most of the landscape. We found a strong luxury effect since tree richness and abundance were positively related to regions with higher average family income. Our study highlights the need for better planning and management practices of urban green areas to support pollinators more uniformly across streetscapes. This will allow the benefits provided by pollinators to be more evenly shared among residents of urban landscapes. |
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| Keywords: | Conservation Green infrastructure Luxury effect Street trees Tropical cities Urban ecology |
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