Studying the spatial evolutionary behavior of urban forest patches from the perspective of pattern-process relationships |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;2. Research Center of Urban Forest of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;3. Research Center for Urban Forestry, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University;1. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Sognsveien 68, NO-0855 Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Design, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;1. Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium;2. Centre for Environmental and Energy Law, Department of European, Public and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium;3. Quality Assurance Office, Department of Educational Policy, Ghent University, Belgium;4. Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium;5. Department of Infrastructure and Facility Management, Ghent University, Belgium;1. Michigan State University, Department of Horticulture, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, 48824 MI, USA;2. Michigan State University, Department of Forestry, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, 48824 MI, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Urban forest dynamics can influence the provision of ecosystem services provision. Considerable research has been conducted to understand how these dynamics respond to urbanization, from individual patches to entire landscapes. However, most of these are cross-sectional studies based on landscape metrics, and research using a process-based perspective in this context is scarce. In this study, we present a “pattern-process” analytical framework to quantify the evolutionary behavior of urban forest patches. We combine this framework with land cover classification data based on high-resolution remote sensing images (< 1 m) from 2002, 2013, and 2019 to detect the dynamic characteristics of four processes of forest patches in Beijing urban areas. These dynamic characteristics include: size distribution, aggregation and fragmentation, transfer, and self-stabilization. The results showed that 1) the average size of the patches in the study area is increasing, and patches larger than 50 m2 have a more positive influence on the process of patch structure evolution, 2) patch fragmentation shifts with the direction of urban sprawl, 3) transfer between urban forest and bare land is increasing, and 4) urban forest network construction positively enhances the stability of patches. This framework can provide a useful basis for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of urban forest landscapes during urban development and contribute to the sustainable management of urban forests. |
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| Keywords: | Urban forest Spatial pattern Patch dynamic Remote sensing classification Beijing |
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