桂木薯6号的选育及配套间作套种栽培技术

【目的】选育高产、高淀粉含量及适合间作套种的木薯新品种,为广西木薯产业发展提供技术支撑。【方法】2010~2015年,以木薯品种新选048为母本,采用自然杂交与胚挽救的方法,经连续多年多世代系统选育,获得木薯新品种桂木薯6号,并对其鲜薯产量、淀粉含量、收获指数、发芽率及抗逆性等进行评价。【结果】2012~2013年初级与高级评价结果表明,桂木薯6号鲜薯产量、淀粉含量和收获指数均高于对照品种华南205(CK),其中在广西武鸣初级评价中,鲜薯产量比CK高66.7%,在广西武鸣和隆安高级评价中,鲜薯产量分别比CK高70.1%和73.3%,增产均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同);两年不同地点的评价试验中,平均鲜薯产量比CK增加70.0%,平均淀粉含量比CK增加1.0%,且收获指数均高于CK。2014和2015年区域试验结果表明,3个试验点(广西武鸣、桂平和合浦)桂木薯6号平均鲜薯产量分别比CK高53.4%和50.3%,平均淀粉含量分别比CK增加1.4%和2.1%,增产均达显著水平。桂木薯6号平均发芽率98.5%、平均株高2.5 m、平均茎粗3.5 cm,生长势较强,属不分枝类型,具较强抗旱性,但抗风性较差。该品种于2016年4月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。【结论】桂木薯6号具有稳产高产、收获指数高、品质优良及抗旱能力强等优点,生产中可单独种植,也可与其他经济作物进行间作或套种,适合在广西进行大面积推广种植。

Breeding of cassava variety Gui 6 and its intercropping cultivation techniques

Objective]The present study was conducted to breed new cassava variety with high yield, high starch content and suitable for intercropping, in order to provide technical support for the sustainable development of cassava production in Guangxi. [Method]During 2010-2015, taking cassava variety XX048 as female parent, using natural hy-bridization and embryo rescue methods, new cassava variety Gui 6 was bred through years of multiple generations breed-ing. Indexes such as fresh cassava yield, starch content, harvest index and germination rate and stress resistance were e-valuated. [Result]Preliminary evaluation and advanced evaluation during 2012-2013 indicated that fresh cassava yield, starch content and harvest index were higher than control variety SC 205 ( CK ) . In preliminary evaluation in Wuming , Guangxi, fresh cassava yield of Gui 6 was 66.7% higher than that of CK. In advanced evaluations in Wuming and Long’ an, Guangxi, fresh cassava yields of Gui 6 were 70.1% and 73.3% higher than those of CK respectively, increase yields were at significant level(P<0.05, the same below). In evaluations at different sites during the two years, average fresh cassava yield increased by 70.0% than that of CK, average starch content increased by 1.0% than that of CK, and harvest indexes were all higher than those of CK. According to regional trials, Gui 6 average fresh cassava yield of three test sites(Wuming, Guiping and Hepu) in 2014 was 53.4% higher than that of CK; the average fresh cassava yield in 2015 was 50.3% higher than that of CK. Gui 6 average starch content of three test sites(Wuming, Guiping and Hepu) in 2014 was 1.4%higher than that of CK;the average starch content in 2015 was 2.1% higher than that of CK, all reaching significant level. Germination rate of Gui 6 was 98.5%, average plant height 2.5 m, average stem diameter 3.5 m with strong growth vigor. Gui 6 was nonbranching plant with strong drought resistance but weak wind resistance. Gui 6 was ap-proved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in April, 2016. [Conclusion]The new cassava variety Gui 6 enjoys advantages including stable yield, high yield, high harvest index, good quality and drought resistance. In actual planting, Gui 6 can be planted alone or interplanted with other cash crops, which is suitable for large scale planting in Guangxi.