福建新育花生品种鉴定及产量与性状的相关分析

【目的】鉴定福建省新育花生品种的丰产性、抗逆(病)性等性状,筛选出适合当地生态条件的优良花生品种以供生产利用。【方法】以福建省主栽品种泉花7号为对照(CK),在明溪、南安、惠安、翔安、莆田、福清、新罗等7个试验点对福建省新育成的12个花生品种进行产量、抗性等性状鉴定。【结果】在12个参试新品种中,荚果产量比CK增产的有6个,分别是泉花806、龙花128、福花0739、龙花13、0910-63和福花0721,其中,泉花806平均荚果产量最高(3930 kg/ha),比CK极显著增产10.36%(P<0.01,下同);龙花128平均荚果产量(3771 kg/ha)比CK显著增产5.90%(P<0.05,下同)。籽仁产量比CK增产的有4个,分别是泉花806、龙花128、龙花13和福花0739,其中泉花806和龙花128分别比CK极显著增产14.27%和6.62%。各参试品种主茎高37.10~68.79 cm,侧枝长41.20~77.80 cm,分枝数5.28~6.86条/株,结果枝数4.44~5.88条/株,结果数11.21~17.56个/株,饱果数9.28~14.99个/株,饱果率为76.77%~89.30%,百果重为191.41~222.01 g,百仁重为72.74~82.01 g,出仁率为58.80%~70.37%。各品种生长势、抗旱性、耐涝性和抗倒性整体表现为中~强;叶斑病级数为1.7~2.9;锈病级数0.4~0.6;青枯病抗性鉴定结果表明,0951-13表现为抗,泉花608、莆花31和0910-63表现为中抗,其他品种表现为中感。品质检测结果表明,各品种含油量为48.58%~52.20%,蛋白质含量为25.62%~31.09%,油酸亚油酸比值为0.98~1.37。相关性分析结果表明,主茎高、侧枝长和千克果数与荚果产量呈负相关,其中侧枝长与荚果产量显著负相关;其余性状与荚果产量均呈不显著正相关。结果数、饱果数、饱果率、双仁果率、百果重、百仁重和出仁率与籽仁产量呈正相关,其中出仁率与籽仁产量显著正相关;其余性状与籽仁产量均呈不显著负相关。【结论】泉花806和龙花128的产量高、品质优,且抗逆(病)性表现突出,可进行小范围试种示范;福花0739、龙花13和01913-63产量较高,但是否适合推广仍需进一步鉴定。

Identification of new peanut varieties in Fujian and correlation analysis between yield and characteristics

Objective]Prolificacy and stress(disease) resistance of new peanut varieties in Fujian province were iden-tified to select good peanut varieties that were suitable for local ecological conditions . Method]Taking Quanhua 7 as the control, yield,resistance and other traits of 12 new varieties were identified in seven pilots(Mingxi, Nan’an, Hui’an, Xiang’an, Putian, Fuqing and Xinluo). Result]Among 12 tested varieties, six varieties, Quanhua 806, Longhua 128, Fuhua 0739, Longhua 13, 0910-63 and Fuhua 0721, had higher pod yield than control. Compared with control, average pod yield of Quanhua 806 was the highest(3930 kg/ha), significantly increased production by 10.36% compared with control(P<0.01, the same below). The average pod yield of Longhua 128 was 3771 kg/ha,significantly increased by 5.90%compared with control(P<0.05,the same below). Four varieties produced more seed kernel yield than control,which were Quanhua 806,Longhua 128,Longhua 13,and Fuhua 0739. Compared with control,the kernel yield of Quanhua 806 and Longhua 128 significantly increased by 14.27% and 6.62% respectively. Main stem height of tested varieties was 37.10-68.79 cm,lateral branch length 41.20-77.80 cm, number of branches per plant 5.28-6.86,number of bearing branches per plant 4.44-5.88,number of pod per plant 11.21-17.56, full pod number 9.28-14.99,full pod rate 76.77%-89.30%,100-pod weight 191.41-222.01 g,100-kernel weight 72.74-82.01 g,kernel rate 58.80%-70.37%. Growth vigor, drought resis-tance, flooding tolerance and lodging resistance of all varieties presented a medium to strong performance; leaf spot level was 1.7-2.9;rust level 0.4-0.6. Bacterial wilt resistance identification indicated that 0951-13 was resistant to bacterial wilt , Quanhua 806, Puhua 31 and 0910-63 were moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, other varieties medium susceptible to bacterial wilt. Quality inspection showed,oil content of all varieties was between 48.58%-52.20%, protein content 25.62%-31.09%,oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio 0.98-1.37. Correlation analysis results showed that stem height , lateral branch length,pods per kilogram, and pod yield were negatively correlated. Lateral branch length and pod yield was significantly negatively correlated;other traits presented insignificant positive correlation with pod yield. Pod number, full pod number, full pod rate, double kernel rate,100-pod weight,100-kernel weigh, kernel rate and seed yield were positively correlated. Kernel rate and seed kernel yield were significantly positively correlated; whereas other traits presented insignificant posi-tive correlation with seed kernel yield. Result]Quanhua 806 and Longhua 128 enjoyed high yield, good quality, strong stress(disease) resistance,which can be put in small-scale production test;Fuhua 0739 and Longhua 13 enjoyed relatively high yield, but need further identification as in whether these varieties are suitable for promotion.