不同保护性耕作对渭北旱原冬小麦病害发生的影响

保护性耕作技术的推广,使渭北旱原各地小麦病害加重,对小麦生产造成了严重威胁。笔者研究通过不同保护性耕作及降雨量对冬小麦病害,根病(Bipolaris Sorokiniana)、小麦条锈病(Pucciniastriiformis West)、小麦白粉病Blumeria graminis(DC.)speer]、散黑穗病Ustalago tritici(Pers)Jens]和纹枯病(Rhizoctonia cerealis)进行调查研究,发现小麦根病、条锈病和小麦散黑穗病的发生有传播和加重的趋势,高留茬深松覆盖和秸秆覆盖处理发病率最高,在降雨量多的年份小麦病害发病率和病情指数高于干旱年份,并能增加小麦根际的细菌总量,引起微生物群落组成的变化,而且对小麦纹枯病有抑制或控制作用,但对白粉病的发生影响不大。

Effects of Different Conservative Farming System on Winter Wheat Diseases Incidence in Weibei Highland

Conservative farming system has been popularized. However some of disadvantages caused by the reforming in plant protection, endangering of on winter wheat manufacture bring about. Winter wheat diseases of in the proper different conservative farming system and rainfall Bipol aris Sorokiniana, Puccinia striiformis West, Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer, Ustalago tritici (Pers) Jens and Rhizoctonia cerealis based on the investigations and study in this experimental field, Bipol aris Sorokiniana, Puccinia striiformis West and Ustalago tritici (Pers) Jens of winter wheat discovered trend of spread and increased, mulching of leaving high stubble tillage, subsoiling tillage mulching incidence highest, winter wheat incidence and disease index in rainfall more years were higher than that in the arid years, it can increase total number of bacteria winter wheat rhizosphere, lead to the change of microbe community and component. Furthermore, Rhizoctonia cerealis has restrained or controlled action, but Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer did not change.