覆盖方式对早熟马铃薯 ‘滇黔芋 23号’ 产量与性状影响

为探讨贵州冬种马铃薯增产增效的栽培技术，以及早熟马铃薯新品种‘滇黔芋23号’在冬种区域的适宜性和丰产性，选用‘滇黔芋23号’原原种，采用液态膜、地膜、塑料薄膜小拱棚、稻草等覆盖方式进行小区试验，对地温、马铃薯各性状和产量结果等进行比较分析。结果表明：不同覆盖方式较对照有增温效果，在低温时增温保温效果高于高温，能提高地温0．41-2.35℃；覆盖处理较对照提早出苗2～15天，出苗率也高于对照，其中小拱棚处理出苗最早、出苗率最高；覆盖处理较对照可缩短马铃薯生育期4-10天，也以小拱棚处理提前10天最短；综合经济性状以稻草覆盖处理最好，产量也最高，比对照增产20．3％，差异性分析表明其产量显著高于其他处理。稻草覆盖栽培方式和品种‘滇黔芋23号’适合荔波县生产，应加大示范推广。

Effects of Different Mulches on Yield and Characters of Pre-basic seed Potato of 'Dianqianyu NO.23'

The aim was to study the cultivation models of winter-planting potato and the potato variety suitability of ＇Dianqianyu No.23＇ in Guizhou. In the experiment, ＇Dianqianyu No.23＇ of Pre-basic seed was used to study the difference in the characteristics and yield of winter-planting potato on the four mulches cultivation models. The results showed that compared with the control, these models with four mulches could make potato emergence earlier 2-15 days and raised soil temperature 0.41-2.35℃ of land than others, the growth period shortened by 4-10 days. By surveying seedling rate and seeding stage, the tillage of the arched shed was the best. By surveying yield, character and the commercial potato rate, the was the best in all treatments. The yield of the variety ＇ Dianqianyu No.23 ＇ and the tillage with tillage tillage with straw covering has increased by straw covering should be widespread applied with straw covering 20.3%. The potato in Libo County.