烟台苹果产区土壤有机质和pH分布特征及其与土壤养分的关系

为明确烟台苹果产区果园土壤现状和为苹果园土壤施肥管理提供依据，笔者通过对烟台苹果产区3354个苹果园进行土壤采样，分析该产区土壤pH和有机质含量分布特征及与土壤养分的关系。结果表明：该产区土壤pH平均为5.21，31.88%的苹果园土壤pH处于适宜苹果生长的5.51~6.50，56.46%的苹果园土壤pH低于5.50。该产区土壤有机质含量平均为9.78 g/kg，58.31%的苹果园土壤有机质含量低于10.00 g/kg。土壤pH与有效锌和有效锰呈极显著负相关；与有机质、全氮、有效铁呈显著或极显著正相关。土壤有机质除与速效磷呈不显著的正相关外，与其他指标均呈极显著正相关。因此，防止土壤进一步酸化和提升有机质水平是烟台苹果产区实现果业可持续发展的紧迫任务。

Distribution Characteristics of Soil organic Matter and pH and the Correlation to Soil Nutrients in Apple Orchards of Yantai

The aim of this study is to understand the soil status of Yantai apple orchard and provide the basis for the management of fertilization. Distribution characteristics of soil pH and organic matter were studied by analyzed from 3354 soil samples in Yantai apple production area, and then the relationship between soil pH, organic matter and soil nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that: the mean soil pH in Yantai apple production area was 5.21, and about 31.88% of the soil samples had pH 5.51-6.50. The percentage of samples which soil pH was below 5.5 accounted for 56.46%. The mean soil organic matter in Yantai apple production area was 9.78 g/kg, and about 58.31% of the samples were less than 10.00 g/kg. The soil pH had significantly negative correlation with available Zn and Mn, and significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter and total N content. The soil organic matter had significantly positive correlation with all soil nutrients except available P, and the correlation between soil organic matter and available P was positive but not significantly. Therefore, preventing soil acidification and enhancing the level of organic matter were the urgent task to achieve the goal of sustainable development of fruit industry in Yantai.