衡阳水口山铅锌矿区植被调查及物种多样性分析

对衡阳水口山铅锌矿废弃地及其周边荒山、农田自然植物群落的结构特征进行调查，计算并分析各样地植物物种的重要值、均匀度以及物种多样性指数。结果表明：（1）调查区内共出现植物29科46种，以草本植物为主，其中占优势的是禾本科和菊科植物，二者占草本种数的57%。（2）各采样地植物种类总体上比较稀少，群落的组成和结构简单，物种多样性水平较低，生态较为脆弱，多样性指数H最高仅为1.101，丰富度指数R最高仅为1.478，均匀度指数最高仅为0.666。（3）各采样点物种数与盖度之间没有显著差异，冶炼厂与其他3个点之间多样性指数均有显著差异，而尾沙坝边缘地、康家湾采选地以及废弃农田三者之间没有显著差异；多样性指数大小顺序为：冶炼厂＞尾沙坝边缘地＞康家湾采选地＞废弃农田。（4）评价结果与当地生物多样性的实际情况基本相符，基本能反映出当地植物多样性的整体分布状况。

Study on Plant Investigate and Species Diversity of Shuikoushan Pb-Zn Mining Area in Hengyang

Investigated to the natural plant community and its structure characteristics on which abandoned land, around the barren hills and farmland of Shuikoushan Pb-Zn mining area lands in Hengyang , calculation and analysis of important values of plant species, evenness and species diversity index. The results showed that: There were 29 families, 46 species of plants in the survey area, and the herbaceous plants has the advantage of which including the dominant was the gramineae and compositae plants, both accounting for 57% of the herb species. Relatively rare plant species in general, community composition and structure was simple ,the low level of species diversity and ecological fragile on that every sample. The highest diversity index H was only 1.101, the highest richness index R was 1.478 and evenness index was also only 0.666.There were no significant differences between species and coverage at each sampling, smelting and other were a significant difference of diversity index between the other three points, and it has no significant differences between each other of the three sampling points, and the diversity index was order: Smelter>Waste dam edges>Kangjiawan selection>Abandoned farmland.. The evaluation results was in conformity with the actual situation of local biodiversity basic, and it generally reflect the overall distribution of local plant diversity.