南疆地区小白杏叶片营养和土壤养分现状及相关性研究

为探明南疆地区不同土壤质地小白杏果园土壤养分与叶片营养水平的分布特征，分别以壤土和沙土质地盛果期小白杏果园为研究对象，测定0~20 cm和20~60 cm深度土壤和叶片中的有机质及矿物质元素含量(N、P、K、Ca、B、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn)，研究盛果期小白杏果园土壤营养和叶片矿质元素特性。结果表明：（1）不同土壤质地小白杏叶片中全氮含量适中、钙/镁比例偏高，壤土叶片中全氮含量高于沙土叶片，9月叶片中全氮含量低于5月，磷元素含量高于5月，变化规律与氮含量相反。（2）不同质地果园土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、锰、铁和铜元素含量规律性明显，但是规律不一致；其余矿质元素(Ca、B、Mg、Zn)具有一定的差异，但是没有明显的规律。（3）不同土壤质地矿质元素与小白杏叶片的相关性分析结果差异较大，规律性较小。（4）壤土果园管理过程中，应注意增加有机肥的施肥深度；沙土果园管理过程中，应根据小白杏营养需求规律针对性地进行追施、补施。

The Analysis of Little White Apricot Leaf Nutrition and Orchards Soil Fertility Condition in Southern Xinjiang

Abstract: In order to study the difference of soil fertility and leaf nutrition elements distribution characteristic between different ‘little white’ apricot orchards with various soil texture. Take full fruit period orchards respectively with loam and sandy soil as research objects. Analyze for organic matters and nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, B, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) in 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm depths soil layer. The result showed that:(1) The leaf total nitrogen content is in moderate level, calcium/magnesium ratio is higher in both two kind soil texture orchards. The leaf nitrogen content in loam soil orchard is higher than sandy. Total nitrogen element content in september leaf is lower than in may, Variation law of phosphorus element content with time was opposite to nitrogen variation.(2) Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available Phosphorus, available potassium, manganese, iron and cuprum elements content have obvious regulation in both soil texture orchards, but the regulation are not same; other elements contents (Ca, B, Mg, Zn) have certain difference, but no obvious rules.(3) The result of correlation analysis between soil and leaf elements content are different in various soil texture, have less regularity.(4) The ‘little white’ apricot loam soil orchard fertilizer management should pay attention on increasing organic fertilizer application depth. The management of sand orchard should be according the apricot pattern of requirement of fertilizer to apply additional and supplementary fertilization.