乙醇提取及重结晶法制备辣椒总碱

为了建立从辣椒中提取并通过重结晶获得高纯度辣椒总碱的方法，以花溪朝天椒干粉为原料，采用单因素试验考察了有机溶剂提取法中乙醇浓度和固液比等对提取率的影响，摸索了后续纯化过程中碱溶解-乙酯萃取辣椒碱的最适pH和辣椒碱的结晶条件。结果表明：用95％乙醇、1：10（m／V）的固液比、80℃回流2h，可达到3．7mg／g（辣椒总碱／辣椒粉）的提取率；在pH9．0时用乙酸乙酯萃取辣椒碱的NaOH皂化液可获得较高的辣椒碱纯度和回收率；在实验条件下，该萃取物在甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、氯仿及石油醚等溶剂中均未结晶，而在乙醚中于-20℃重结晶3次得到纯度为96．4％（HPLC法测定）的辣椒总碱，达到美国药典24版（USP24）中的相关要求。

Preparation of Capsaicinoids from Dried Chilli Powder by Ethanol Extraction and Recrystallization Methods

In order to get high pure eapsaicinoids from chilli powder, ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent and the extraction conditions optimized. The ethanol extract was saponified with 10% NaOH and the optimal pH for extracting eapsaicinoids with ethyl acetate from NaOH solution was screened for. Also, several organic solvents were tried for successful crystallization of capsaicinoids. The results showed that the highest extraction yield was reached when 95% ethanol was used at a solid-liquid ratio of 1：10 （m/V）. A relatively high eapsaieinoids recovery was gained when extracted the saponification solution with ethyl acetate at pH 9.0. Under the experimental conditions, eapsaieinoids were not readily crystallize in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether etc., whereas capsicinoids with purity of 96.4% was obtained after recrystallization in diethyl ether at -20℃ for three times.