1978—2007年中国陆地棉品种主要特性变化趋势

为了研究中国陆地棉品种的遗传性状在不同年代间的变化规律，利用黄河流域、长江流域和西北内陆三大棉区在1978—2007年审定推广的836份陆地棉品种数据库，对陆地棉品种的14个主要农艺经济性状的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明，三大棉区品种的单铃重、皮棉产量和比强度三个性状随着年代变迁，呈明显升高趋势，比强度尤为突出；长江和黄河流域棉区的种植密度随着年代变迁在逐渐降低，而西北内陆棉区的种植密度在增加；叶色、第一果枝节位、铃形、马克隆值和枯、黄萎病抗性在不同年份间波动较大；生育期、衣分、纤维长度在年代间变化平稳，株高20世纪90年代以后变化趋势也较平稳。研究得出1978年以来中国棉花审定推广品种的农艺性状稳定一致且表现良好，产量和纤维品质性状（尤其纤维比强度）有明显改良，在马克隆值和枯、黄萎病抗性方面还有待进一步提高。

Variation Trends of Main Characters of Upland Cotton Varieties in China During 1978-2007

The purpose of the article was to study our country’s upland cotton’s variation in genetic traits between different growth periods. Based on the database of 836 upland cotton cultivars registered from Yellow River, Yangtze River and Xinjiang cotton production zone during 1978-2007, the variation trends of total 14 agricultural traits such as growth period, plant height, sympodial branch node, boll weight, lint percentage, fiber yield, fiber length, fiber strength and others were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the boll weight and fiber yield, especially fiber strength were increasing along with time passed in all three production zones. The planting density in Yellow River and Yangtze River production zones were decreasing along with time passed, however, the planting density of Xinjiang production zone were increasing. The variation of leaf color, sympodial branch node, boll shape, micronaire, fusarium wilt, and verticillium wilt resistance were significant in different years and the growth period, but lint percentage and fiber length were stable. The plant height showed no significant variation since the 90’s. This study demonstrated that the agricultural traits of cotton varieties registered since 1978 were stable and well in China, the yield and fiber quality, especially the fiber strength, were obviously improved. However, further improvements in micronaire, fusarium wilt, and verticillium wilt resistance were still needed.