阴山北麓旱作区垄沟集雨种植增产机理研究

为改善旱作农田水分状况，提高作物水分利用效率(WUE)，达到高产稳产的目的，在内蒙古阴山北麓地区对垄沟集雨栽培措施下食用向日葵和马铃薯的土壤水热及作物生长状况进行了研究。结果表明：马铃薯试验不同处理距地表10 cm地温变化基本上在整个生育期一直表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作；向日葵试验在6月中旬前不同处理距地表10 cm地温表现为：垄膜沟植>垄作>起垄沟植>平作，而到6月下旬至8月上旬起垄沟植处理温度高于垄作，表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作，8月中旬至9月上旬起垄沟植温度最高，表现为：起垄沟植>垄膜沟植>垄作>平作，9月中下旬又表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作。整个生育期，向日葵采用垄膜沟植、垄作和起垄沟植较平作积温分别增加了162.6℃?d、35.8℃?d和80.6℃?d，而马铃薯分别增加了228.7℃?d、48.6℃?d和58.7℃?d。不同作物叶面积指数呈现先增加后降低趋势，向日葵叶面积指数最高值出现在播种后100天左右，马铃薯出现在播种后90天左右，整个生育期向日葵叶面积指数大小顺序基本表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作，而马铃薯在播种后90天之前，叶面积指数大小顺序基本表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>平作>垄作，之后垄膜沟植叶面积指数下降明显，在收获前15天左右不同处理叶面积指数大小顺序基本表现为：起垄沟植>垄作>平作>垄膜沟植。向日葵和马铃薯增产趋势表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作。向日葵和马铃薯生育期耗水量均表现为：垄膜沟植<起垄沟植<垄作<平作，WUE变化趋势相同，均表现为：垄膜沟植>起垄沟植>垄作>平作。

Study on the Mechanism of Yield Increasing of Furrow Planting on Rain-fed Field in North Foot of Yinshan Mountain

In order to improve rain-fed farmland water condition, crop water use efficiency （WUE）, achieve high and stable yield, the soil moisture and growth condition of sunflower and potato were studied in different furrow planting measures in north foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia. There are four treatments： ridge film mulching and furrow planting （RF）, furrow planting （FP）, ridge tillage results showed that, different culture measures increased crop yield and the , （RT） and fiat planting （CK）. The order was RF 〉 FP 〉 RT 〉 CK,and the sunflower seed yield was 3372.4, 2861.2, increased compared with CK, the increasing rate 2828.0, 2477.9 kg/hm^2, and 894.6, 383.4, 350.1 kg/hm^2 were were 36.10%, 15.47% and 14.13%. The yield of potato were 27302.5, 26051.5, 25835.0, 25330.0 kg/hm^2, and 1972.5, CK, the increased rate was 7.78%, 2.85% and 2.00%. The FP〉RT〉CK in all growth stages in potato experiment 721.5, 505.0 kg/hm^2 were increased compared with soil temperature 10 cm below the surface was RF〉 and in late June to early August and after middle September in sunflower experiment. The soil temperature in sunflower changed in different stages may be for the sunflower growth and soil water content changing in different treatments. The accumulated temperature was RF〉FP〉RT〉CK, and was increased 162.6℃·d, 80.6℃·d and 35.8℃·d d in sunflower experiment, and was increased 228.7℃·d, 58.7℃·d and 48.6℃·d in potato experiment compared with the CK. The crops＇ leaf area index increased then reduced in whole growth period and the sunflower＇ s maximum leaf area index appeared in about 100 days after seeding, the potato appeared in about 90 days after seeding. The sunflower＇ s leaf area index was RF〉FP〉RT〉CK in whole growth period, and the potato＇ s leaf area index was RF〉FP〉CK〉 RTbefore 90 days after seeding. The water consumption was most in CK and lest in RF and the order was RF〈 FP〈RT〈CK. The WUE was increased with water consumption amount reducing and the WUE in different treatments was RF〉FP〉RT〉CK. In conclusion, the sunflower and potato yield were increased obviously by using these three rain collection culture techniques and the best was ridge film mulching and furrow planting.