葡萄叶可培养内生真菌多样性与分布特征

为研究葡萄叶可培养内生真菌菌群的多样性，分别对采集于云南省丘北县的云南太阳魂葡萄酒庄资源圃内的9个葡萄品种不同类型叶片进行内生真菌的分离，对分离的内生真菌采用ITS序列分析并结合形态学方法进行分类鉴定。共分离到可培养内生真菌1067株。经鉴定归属为90种28个属。其中Colletotrichum和Alternaria为优势属，优势度分别为39.08%和25.21%。不同品种葡萄可培养内生真菌分离率为0.56~1.13，多样性指数为1.32~2.39，而健康植株成熟叶的内生真菌分离率和多样性指数基本上都高于其幼嫩叶片和发病植株的成熟叶片的。对不同品种葡萄的内生真菌的分离率、多样性指数和相似性分析结果表明，葡萄叶片内生真菌菌群丰富具有一定的宿主专一性，但多样性总体偏低。

Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Leaves of Different Variety Grapes

Abstract: The research is aimed to study the diversity of endophytic fungi community from different varieties of grape leaves. Cultivable folia endophytic fungi from different varieties of grape leaves were isolated and identified by morphology together with its ITS sequence analysis. In total 1067 strains of cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 1215 pieces of grape leaf tissues, and all these fungi strains were identified into 90 species, 28 genus. Colletotrichum and Alternaria were dominant genera with the dominance of 39.08% and 25.21%, respectively. The separation rates of folia endophytic fungi within different varieties of grape varied from 0.56 to 1.13. And the diversity indexes of folia endophytic fungi were varied from 1.32 to 2.39. Concerning the mature degree of grape leaves, mature leaves had the highest level in both isolation rates and diversity indexes than that of the younger leaves and leaves from diseased plants. Isolation rates and diversity indexes were seen significantly different of between one variety to another. The similarities of diversity and structure of folia endophytic fungi between grape varieties were mostly more than 50%. These results implied the existing of host specificity but relatively low diversities of folia endophytic fungi in grapevines.