不同物料水分对有机肥发酵过程中微生物数量的影响

开展不同初始水分物料在有机肥发酵过程中微生物数量的影响研究，寻求有机肥发酵最佳物料水分。对3种不同初始水分物料进行有氧发酵，于3次翻堆和成品时取样检测微生物数量。不同处理发酵过程中真菌、霉菌、大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵数量总体呈下降趋势，而细菌数量在第2次翻堆前呈下降趋势，其后呈增加趋势；T3处理前3次分离到的真菌、霉菌数量明显大于T1和T2处理，而前2次翻堆分离到的细菌数量低于T1和T2处理。T2处理细菌数量在整个发酵期间维持相对较高水平；3个处理间蛔虫卵数量差别很小。发酵结束时，T2处理真菌、细菌含量最高，3个处理分离到的霉菌数量、大肠杆菌、蛔虫卵数量都很少，符合有机肥标准(NY 525-2012)。有机肥生产过程中，采用初始物料水分55%，在第1次翻堆时补足水分到65%，最有利于有机肥的发酵。

Effects of Different Material Water Content on Microorganisms Number in the Fermentation Process of Organic Fertilizer

Effect of different initial moisture material on microorganism’s number during the organic fertilizer fermentation process was studied to seek optimum moisture content for organic fertilizer fermentation. Three different initial moisture materials were fermented under aerobic conditions, sampled and tested the microorganism number at 3 times turning and finished. The number of fungus, mould, Escherichia coli and ascarid egg showed a declined tendency in the fermentation process of different treatments, the number of bacteria decreased in the second turning pile, then increased. The number of fungus and mould of T3 in the first 3 times was obviously higher than T1 and T2, and the number of bacteria less than T1 and T2 in the first 2 times. The number of bacteria of T3 maintained a relatively high level throughout the fermentation period; the difference of ascarid egg number is very small among the 3 treatments. At the end of fermentation, the number of fungal, bacterial was the highest in T2, the number of mould; Escherichia coli and ascarid egg were few at three treatments, with organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012). It was the most conducive to the fermentation of organic fertilizer used the material initial moisture content of 55%, and at the first turning up water to 65%.