切花月季芽变品种的分子标记与鉴别研究

现代月季的基因型高度杂合，目的基因的定位如同大海捞针，形态指标模棱两可的描述比比皆是。为此，特别收集了组别17个，品种45个及相对的芽变品种进行随机增护多态DNA（Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD）基因分析。结果表明：11个经筛选的人工全盛随机引物（10－base）共增扩出基因位点143个，其中多态性位点93个，平均多型性比率高达66.0％；切花月季品种与品种之间，特异性RAPD图带清晰稳定，极易识别；由同一品种变异而来的芽变品种之间，特异性位点极少，相似性遗传距离非常接近，最小为0.8607，最大为1；幼叶DNA双步CTAB提取法有助于提高基因指纹图谱的重现性。这为表型性状较为相近的切花月季芽变品种的分子鉴别提供了可靠的技术手段，也为转基因品种的育成奠定了基础。

Study on the discrimination of cut rose varieties and their sports by means of RAPD

In order to discriminate the cut rose varieties and their sports, 17 groups, 45 varieties and the relative sports were collected. By means of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) marker technique, the 11 primers (10 base)selected by protest created totally 143 loci, of which 93 loci belonged to polymorphic gene loci, and monomorphic ones only 50 loci; Between the varieties of cut rose, the unique RAPD bands were both clear and easy to be discriminated; Among the sports derived from same cultivar, the unique loci were very rare, the Jaccard Similarity genetic distances culculated were very near, from 0.860 7 to 1.0;the double step CTAB DNA extraction process from young leaves was very useful for the reproduction of stable fingerprint of sample DNA. The construction of such fingerprints could be of very importance for identification of both varieties and sports in cut rose.