异常气候对大樱桃产量形成的影响

利用大连市金州区气象站1993年和2008年大樱桃物候期的4～5月气温、降水、日照资料,以各项的旬资料为基础,形成资料序列,然后进行距平化处理,得到各旬距平序列。以及4月下旬逐日最低气温、降水、日照资料,对其进行详细的分析研究。结果表明:大樱桃花期4月下旬遇低温、倒春寒,导致大樱桃开花期严重落花,造成了大幅减产,是金州区大樱桃大面积减产的主要原因。花期连阴雨天、光照不足是大樱桃减产的重要因素。花期传粉受阻,致使授粉授精不良,造成樱桃大量萎缩脱落,也是导致大樱桃大面积减产的原因。针对以上原因,提出了从选地建园起,选用耐低温品种和配置授粉树,重视整形修剪,营造防护林,适时根外喷肥以及大棚保护地栽培,低温前灌水与花期放蜂,可减轻低温危害的具体对策。

The Influence of Unusual Climate to Big Cherry Output

Maked use of Jinzhou meteorological bureau＇ s data in 1993 and 2008 cherry phenophase of April to May on temperature, precipita- tion, sunshine. And form the information sequence on the basis of every item＇ s ten-day data. Then got the ten-day＇ s anomaly sequence And daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine in late April. Maked a detailed analysis of them. The results showed that the main cause of dro- ping in large cherry production in Jinzhouis was serious petals shatter due to late April＇ s low temperature and late spring coldness in flores- cence. Continual wet weather and insufficient light were also important factors. Otherwise, Hampered pollination leads to bad pollination and bad insemination. Then they leaded to atrophy and abscission. That was also the main reason of drop in production. According to the above reasons, the author put forward the following countermeasures which can reduce the low-temperature hazard ： Choose a adequate place to estab- lish orchard; Choose low-temperature-resistant varieties and deploy pollenizer; Pay attention to pruning; Create a shelterbelt; Root outside spray fertilizer at the right time; Protecte the cultivation in greenhouse; irrigation before Low-temperature period and so on.