柴达木地区氮·磷·钾施肥量不同组合对大蒜蒜薹与蒜头产量的影响

[目的]为今后大蒜施肥提供参考依据。[方法]以乐都紫皮大蒜为试验材料,采用3因素二次通用旋转组合设计,在柴达木地区研究紫皮大蒜施氮、磷、钾量与蒜薹产量、蒜头产量之间的关系。[结果]氮、磷、钾肥对蒜薹产量影响的顺序为氮肥（磷肥（钾肥,对蒜头产量影响的顺序为磷肥（钾肥（氮肥。在试验设计的水平范围内,随着氮、磷、钾施用量的增加,蒜薹产量逐渐增加,当各因素水平增加到一定程度时,再增加施肥量,蒜薹产量反而下降。在低氮时,磷肥对蒜薹产量的增产作用大;在中高氮时,磷肥对蒜薹产量的增产作用前期大、后期小。在柴达木地区大蒜蒜头高产的氮、磷、钾肥用量的最优组合为氮（纯N）160.0kg/hm2、磷（P2O5）155.7kg/hm2、钾（K2O）179.6kg/hm2。[结论]优化了柴达木地区大蒜氮、磷、钾施肥量的组合。

Effect of the Different Combinations of N, P and K Fertilizer on the Yield of Garlic Bolt and the Head of Garlic Grown in Qaidam Region

[Objective] The reference for the future fertilization in garlic growth was provided through the experiment.[Method] The relation between the N,P,K fertilization and the yield of the garlic bolt and the head of garlic variety-Yueduozipi,which was planted in the Qaidam region,analyzed with the secondary general rotation design with 3 factors.[Results] The order of the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium affecting the yield of garlic bolt was N > P > K-fertilization;and the yield the head of garlic,P > K > N-fertilization.In the range of the experimental design,the yield of garlic bolt was gradually increased with the increment of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,and the yield of garlic bolt would be reduced with the fertilization-increasing when the level of each factor reached to a certain degree.In low level of nitrogen,the effect of phosphorus on the yield-increasing of garlic bolt was significant;in the middle-high of nitrogen,the role of the phosphorus promoting the yield-increasing of garlic bolt was large in its early growth stage and small in its late growth stage.The optimal combination for the head of garlic in the Qaidam region was the nitrogen(pure N),160.0 kg/hm2;the phosphorus(P2O5),155.7 kg/hm2 and the potassium(K2O),179.6 kg/hm2.[Conclusion] The combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization for the garlic growth in the Qaidam region was optimized.