中国黄土丘陵区水土保持与生态恢复模式（英）

以水土流失为主要特征的生态退化是黄土丘陵区最突出的生态经济问题，水土保持和生态恢复是解决这种问题的关键所在，因而探索与当地的社会经济和环境条件相适应的水土保持和生态恢复模式是非常重要的。本文以8个小流域以及延安中尺度水土保持与生态恢复试验示范区为基础，回顾了黄土丘陵区的水土保持与生态恢复研究和实践。为了评价这些试验示范模式的环境与社会经济效应，采用了参与式评估方法研究了这些模式的有效性。结果显示不同尺度的水土保持和生态恢复在当地的经济发展和环境改良中扮演了非常主要的角色，也为未来黄土高原生态可持续的经济发展模式提供了一个全新视角。同时，本文有助于增强这种共识，即随着社会经济条件的改善，生态重建是能够扭转当前生态持续退化的现状而实现可持续性的。

Models of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the loess hilly region of China

Ecological degradation characterized by severe soil erosion and water loss is the most imposing ecological-economicissue in the Loess Hilly Region; the soil and water conservation (SWC) and ecological restoration are crucial solutions to thisissue. It is of importance to explore SWC models for ecological reconstruction compatible with local socioeconomic andenvironmental conditions. The paper reviewed on SWC and ecological rehabilitation researches and practices and mainly concerned on eight small-scale (small catchments) models and Yah'an Meso-scale model in the Loess Hilly Region. To evaluatethe environmental and socioeconomic impacts of these models, their validities were examined using the participatory ruralappraisal. The results indicated that SWC and ecological restoration at different scales have played important roles both in localeconomic development and environmental improvement and provided an insight into sustainable economic development on theLoess plateau in the future. Furthermore, this paper strengthens our belief that, under improved socioeconomic conditions,SWC and ecological reconstruction can be made sustainable, leading to a reversal of the present ecological degradation.