森林采伐对林地表层土壤主要特征及其生态过程的影响

森林采伐是森林经营过程中的一类常见作业,而森林重要生态过程都离不开林地表层(土壤及覆盖物),为此,理解和把握森林采伐对林地表层的影响对于合理经营和管理森林生态系统,实现生态系统的可持续发展等具有重要意义。本文在简单回顾了采伐对森林组成、结构及其功能的影响基础上;介绍了森林采伐对林地表层温度、湿度、土壤结构、pH值、养分(C、N、P、S)等理化特性的影响;分析了土壤生物对森林采伐的反馈过程;阐述了森林采伐对林地水文、C、N转化等生态过程的作用。最后,从研究方法、研究目标和研究内容三个方面提出森林采伐影响林地表层研究的发展趋势,指出森林采伐的边缘效应和空间异质性;森林采伐后土壤生物的响应;森林采伐后的水、C、N转化和循环等生态过程及其耦合作用是目前及今后研究的三大热点。

Effects of Forest Harvesting on Forest Soil and Floor Properties and Its Ecological Processes

Forest harvesting is a common feature of forest landscape during management practices,and the key ecological process cannot be apart from forest soil and floor.Therefore,it is very necessary to understand the effects of forest harvesting on forest soil and floor,which was very important to manage forest ecosystem and implement ecosystem sustainability.This paper simply reviewed the influences of harvesting on forest components,structures and functions,introduced the effects of forest harvesting on forest soil and floor physical and chemical properties,i.e.,temperature,moisture,soil structure,pH,carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur,described the feedbacks of soil organism to forest harvesting,and expatiated the influences of harvesting on key ecological processes,including hydrology,carbon cycling and nitrogen transformation.At last,the research tendencies of method,objective and content was provided.And the edge effect and spatial heterogeneity,response of soil organism to forest harvesting,hydrogen,carbon cycling and nitrogen transformation processes and their interactions would be hotspots in the future.