华南裸露边坡修复植物生态位研究

[目的]对华南裸露边坡修复植物生态位进行研究,为华南地区边坡修复的植物种类选择及配置提供理论依据。[方法]对深圳市4处典型边坡修复工程的植被进行了生态学调查,并对获得的数据进行了重要值、生态位宽度及生态位重叠值分析。[结果]华南地区边坡植物分别隶属于53个科。其中以大戟科、菊科、豆科植物居多。银合欢、山毛豆、簕仔树等植物重要值较大;乔灌层的生态位宽度值排序与重要值基本一致,银合欢、幌伞枫、山毛豆等具有较大宽度值;草本层中华南毛蕨、半边旗等蕨类宽度值较大。对生态位重叠值的分析表明,银合欢、幌伞枫和海南蒲桃间竞争激烈,山黄麻、车轮梅、鸭脚木与其他物种间竞争相对较小。在进行边坡修复时,先锋物种可选择生态位宽度大,初期长势强的阳性物种,如银合欢、马占相思,还应合理选配与建群种生态位重叠值较小的物种,如车轮梅、山黄麻和藤本等。[结论]构建稳定结构的群落不仅需要考虑到植物对于边坡立地条件的适应性,更需要考虑物种间的竞争、演替过程。

A Study on Niche of Plants for Damaged Slope Restoration in Southern China

[Objective] In order to provide theoretical evidences for the selection and arrangement of plants on damaged slope in South China, a research on plant niche for slope rehabilitation were conducted. [Methods] Community investigation of four typical slope restoration projects in Shenzhen City were carried out. Niche breadth and niche overlap were analyzed based on the important values of plants. [Results] The investigated plants belonged to 53 families, among which, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Leguminosae were in a majority. Species of Leucocephala, Tephrosia candida, Mimosa sepiariia comparatively had large important values. Shrub niche breadth ranked similarly with their important values. Leucaena leucocephala, Heteropanax fragrans and Tephrosia candida ranked higher. For herbaceous species layer, Cyclosorus parasiticus, Pteris semipinnata and other ferns had relatively higher niche breadths. Niche overlap indicated that competition among Leucaena leucocephala, Heteropanax fragrans and Syzygium cumini was intensive, while competition intensity among Trema cannabina, Rhaphiolepis Schefflera octophylla and other plants was small. For slope rehabilitation, those plants with wider niche breadth and strong vigor were suggested to be used as pioneer species, such as Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia mangium. In addition, plants havingsmall niche overlap with the dominant species should also be selected reasonably, for instance, Rhaphiolepis indica, Trema cannabina and vines. [Conclusion] To establish a stable plant community on slope, all community processes as plants''adaption to slope environment, competition of species and succession should be taken into consideration.