大豆骨干品系在特定育种程序中的作用

来源于遗传多样性的变异将有助于提高育种效率,通过血缘关系分析可以了解后代群体的遗传结构.研究的目的是评估美国俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中对产量改良起过重大贡献的骨干品系的作用.在俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,通常采用自己创造的骨干育种材料或来自其他育种程序的优异品种(系)做亲本进行常年杂交组配,这样带来了骨干血缘年度间的差异性,骨干品种(系)做亲本的使用年限也是有限的,然而,由于本育种程序中缺乏做豆腐用的骨干亲本,使Ohio FG1品种用作亲本的年限延长.Kottman,A98-980047,U 97-3114,HS 98-3628,HS 94-4533,Athow和HS 93-4118等7个骨干品种(系)对俄亥俄州立大学大豆产量改良起主要作用.后代群体中含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量和所有被鉴定品系的平均产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9146,含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量越高,所有被鉴定品系的平均产量也越高.但后代群体巾骨干品系的血缘百分率和所有被鉴定品系的平均产萤间不存在线性关系,说明在选择骨干品系做亲本时,除了考虑骨干品系的数量外,还要考虑骨干品系的配合力.俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,26个骨干品系衍生的后代中有11个的衍生后代平均产量超过对照品种,而且,这11个骨干品系中又有7个来自俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序,说明育种中间材料在产量改良中起着关键性作用.血缘分析结果表明,7个骨干品系来源于Williams、Essex、Amsoy、Wayne、Corsoy 5个老品种和一个现代品系A 86-301024.1998至2008年俄亥俄州立大学育成的19个油用品种和8个豆腐用品种中分别有17和14个亲本来自育种程序本身,进一步说明骨干品系的创造在品种选育中起着重大作用.

Effect of Elite Lines on A Specific Soybean Breeding Program

Genetic variability that arises from genetic diversity benefits the successful soybean breeding program,breeders analyze the pedigree of breeding populations to examine the genetic structure of their populations.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of elite entries which had an important role in the yield improvement of the OSU soybean breeding program.The OSU soybean breeding program,usually used the new elite lines from itself breeding program or from other programs as parents to make the new cross in each year,changed the pedigree percentage of elite lines in different years,and the years as,the elite line used as parents wag limited.However,as there was a lack of breeding materials for food grade soybean breeding,the Ohio FGl used for a longer time.Kottman,A98-980047,U 97-3114,HS 98-3628,HS 94-4533,Athow,and HS 93-4118 these 7 parents were the best elite lines for the yield improvement of the OSU program.There was a linear relationship between the mean yield of entries with≥50% pedigree of elite lines and the mean yield of all tested entries(P=0.0002**).The correlation of the mean yield of entries with≥50% pedigree of elite lines and the mean yield of all tested entries was 0.9146,they had a similar trend.There was no linear relationship between the pedigree percentage of elite lines and the mean yield of all tested entries,which meant that making new cross for the yield improvement should consider the combinability of elite line,not just the quantity of elite lines as parents.The mean yield of entries derived from 11 of 26 elite lines was over check,7 of 11 was from the OSU breeding program,the breeding materials played a key role in the yield improvement.The 7 elite lines were related with five old eultivars(Williams,Essex,Amsoy,Wayne and Corsoy)and a current cuhivar A 86-301024.From 1998 to 2008.17 of 38 parents of the oil-use cultivars,and 14 of 16 parents of the foodgrade cuhivars were from the OSU program.The elite lines had an important effect on the development of cultivars.