半干旱黄土高原生物结皮处理下集水造林的初步研究(英文)

集水措施是干旱半干旱地区解决因降雨少且季节间分配不均带来的水资源短缺的主要措施之一,有关微集水区防渗处理材料及其防渗效果的研究也已广泛开展。本文通过5 年(1992-1996)的野外试验对半干旱黄土高原微集水系统生物结皮覆盖对造林的影响进行了研究。结果表明,结皮接种3 年后,集水区表面大部分为结皮所覆盖,其集水功能已经部分地表现出来。在春季3 个典型时段内浅层土壤含水量与对照相比显著提高(0.05 水平),1m 土层内春季月均含水量均比对照提高了0.9%–6.04%。同时在研究期末(1996 年)结皮处理的样地内树木个体的树高(H)、胸径(DBH)和地径(DGL)均较对照有显著提高(0.05 水平),提高幅度分别为22.38%、17.34%和20.49%。作为一种生物防渗材料,生物结皮具有无污染、自我繁殖、使用期长和投入小等特点,因此很可以作为西部大开发中植被恢复的主要集水材料,进一步的工作应放在干旱环境下当地适宜结皮种类的选择及其快速繁殖技术上。

Afforestation using micro-catchment water harvesting system with microphytic crust treatment on semi-arid Loess Plateau: A preliminary result

Water harvesting is one of main measures to solve water shortage resulting from less precipitation and erratically seasonal dis- tribution in arid and semi-arid areas. Different types of anti-infiltration treatments including mechanical and chemical to micro-catchment and their runoff efficiencies had been reported. This paper, through 5 years experiment from 1992 to 1996, is aimed at studying the im- pacts of microcatchment water-harvesting system (MCWHS) with microphytic crust treatment on afforestation on semi-arid Loess Plateau. The results showed that after 3 years of crust inoculation, crust had covered majority of MCWHS and the function of water harvesting had also been demonstrated partially, there were significant difference in soil moisture of shallow soil layer in three typical spring stages be- tween crust cover and control treatments (0.05 level), and about 0.9%-6.04% increase of monthly mean soil moisture within 1m soil layer in spring of late 3 years. The impact of severe spring drought can be alleviated effectively. In the meanwhile, as crust developed on the treated surface, there are significant differences (0.05 level) for tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter at ground level (DGL) at the end of the study period (1996) with the increases by 22.38%, 17.34%, and 20.49% respectively compared with the con- trol treatment. Microphytic crust, as one of biological infiltration-proof materials, may become the optimized option for revegetation in Chinese Great West Development Strategy due to its self-propagation, non-pollution to water qualities, long use duration and relatively cost effective. Further work should be focused on the selection of endemic crust species and their batch-culture in arid environment.