氮磷钾硼肥施用对长江流域油菜产量及经济效益的影响

2006—2007年在长江流域10个冬油菜主产省(市)布置32个田间试验, 研究氮、磷、钾及硼肥施用对油菜籽产量的影响, 并对施肥经济效益进行了分析。结果表明, 氮磷钾硼肥配合施用处理(NPKB)平均产量为2 590 kg hm^-2, 与PKB、NKB、NPB、NPK及FFP(农民习惯)处理相比, 平均每公顷分别增收油菜籽1 055、727、253、337和639 kg；施用磷、钾及硼肥的增产幅度随土壤有效磷、钾及硼含量的升高呈现下降趋势；按试验年份的物价计算, 扣除肥料成本后, 施用NPKB效益达到7 274元 hm^-2, 与PKB、NKB、NPB及NPK处理相比, 每公顷经济效益分别增加2 868、2 139、434和1 076元, 其中施用氮、磷、钾肥产投比>2.0的试验数分别占总数的87.5%、87.5%和50.0%。研究结果显示, 长江流域冬油菜施用氮磷钾硼肥增产、增收效果显著, 氮磷钾硼配合施用技术可以进行大面积推广应用。

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Boron Fertilizers on Yield and Profit of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in the Yangtze River Basin

Field experiments were conducted at 32 sites in 10 main rapeseed production provinces along the Yangtze River Basin during 2006–2007. The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) on rapeseed yield and profit. The results showed that the combination application of N, P, K and B (NPKB) increased the yield of rapeseed significantly. The average yield of NPKB treatment was 2 590 kg hm^-2, which was 1 055, 727, 253, 337 and 639 kg hm^-2 higher than those of PKB, NKB, NPB, NPK and FFP (farmers’ fertilizer practice) treatments, respectively. N, P, K and B effect on the rapeseed yield ranked as N > P > K≈B. The seed yield increment from P, K and B application had negative relationship with soil available P, K and B content, respectively. Compared with PKB, NKB, NPB and NPK treatments, profit of NPKB increased 2868, 2 139, 434, and 1 076 Yuan hm^-2. The average profit of NPKB treatment was up to 7 274 Yuan hm^-2 according to the fertilizer and rapeseed prices in 2006 and 2007. However, the effects of N, P, K and B fertilizer on yield and profits of rapeseed were not the same in different experimental sites. The 87.5 percent trials showed significant profits from N and P fertilization, and half of the total trials showed high benefit from K application, which the value to cost ratio (VCR) was higher than 2.0. It was concluded that the combination of N, P, K and B fertilizers significantly increased both rapeseed yield and profits.