不同小麦品种对氮素吸收利用差异及其分类研究

采用山东省不同时期的30个主推小麦品种为材料,在高、低2种肥力条件下,研究了不同品种间氮素吸收和分配利用效率的差异,并对氮高效型品种进行了筛选。结果表明,不同品种间整株和茎叶、颖壳、籽粒中氮含量存在极显著差异;高、低2种肥力下的最高值比最低值分别提高22.62%和42.58%,58.18%和78.67%,70.15%和59.92%,24.26%和42.64%;而且各器官的氮含量随着土壤肥力的提高而提高,各品种在高肥土壤中种植的平均氮含量分别比低肥提高12.47%,30.16%,9.83%,5.47%。各品种在2种地力下的平均氮素分配比例:籽粒为72.13%和74.14%,茎叶为21.61%和18.70%,颖壳为6.25%和7.16%。低肥地颖壳和籽粒的分配率分别比高肥地提高14.56%和2.79%,而茎叶则降低了13.47%。采用类平均法聚类,筛选出烟农19号、鲁麦21号、山农8355和鲁麦15号4个氮素利用效率和氮素收获指数均较高的品种;同时还筛选出济麦20号、淄麦12、山农12、红蚰包4个高氮收获指数型品种和小偃6号、烟农15两个仅适于低肥种植的高氮收获指数型品种;鲁麦14和鲁麦22号2个高氮利用效率型品种。

Study on the Difference of Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency and Classification in the Different Wheat Varieties

Under high and low fertility conditions,30 main wheat varieties in different periods were selected as materials in Shandong Province.The difference of nitrogen absorption allocation and utilization were researched in the different wheat varieties,and the nitrogen-efficient varieties were selected.The results showed that the difference of nitrogen content of whole plant,stem-leaf,glume,and grain among the different wheat varieties were highly significant.In two fertilities conditions,the max than the min increased 22.62% and 42.58%,58.18% and 78.67%,70.15% and 59.92%,24.26% and 42.64%,and the nitrogen content of various organs increased with the improvement of soil fertility.Average nitrogen content of varieties in the high-fertility planted was increased by 12.47%,30.16%,12.26% and 5.47% than in the low-fertility.The average nitrogen distribution among varieties in two fertilities conditions:grain were 72.13% and 74.14%,stem-leaf were 21.61% and 18.70%,glame were 6.25% and 7.16%.Distribution of glume and grain in the low fertility conditions increased by 14.56% and 2.79% than in the high fertility conditions,but stem-leaf decreased 13.47%.By the UPGMA of Clustering,Clustered Yannong19,Lumai21,Shannong 8355 and Lumai15 four higher NUE and higher UHI varieties.And clustered Jimai20,Zimai12,Shannong12,and Hongyoubao four higher UHI varieties and Xiaoyan6,Yannong15 two higher NHI varieties planted suitable for low fertility.Lumai14 and Lumai15 were higher NUE varieties