寒旱区玉米生长特性对不同覆盖措施的响应

为探讨北方寒旱区玉米机播技术配套的农艺措施,以哈尔滨地区为研究区域,研究了4种种植模式(垄作覆膜、沟作覆膜、垄作秸秆覆盖及传统种植)对玉米生长特性及根系时空分布的影响。结果表明,该地区玉米前期生长抑制主导因子为温度条件,垄作覆膜措施最优;后期主导因子为水肥条件,垄作秸秆覆盖措施最优。此外,覆膜措施倾向于形成浅层集中根系,秸秆覆盖措施易形成深层均匀分布根系。综合分析,北方寒旱区玉米机播技术配套的农艺措施宜选用秸秆覆盖措施,利于优化群体质量和提高整体产量水平。

Response of Growing Characteristic and Root Spatial-Temporal Dynamic Distribution of Corn to Different Mulching Measures

In order to research the corresponding agricultural measures of corn mechanical sowing technology in cold and arid regions,effects on growing characteristic and root spatial-temporal dynamic distribution of corn under ridge culture and furrow tillage with film-covering,ridge culture with straw mulching and conventional tillage were investigated.Results showed that the optimized cropping system was ridge culture with film-covering during early growth stage,whose the dominate factor was the soil temperature condition while the optimized cropping system was ridge culture with straw mulching during late growth stage,whose the dominate factors were soil moisture and fertilizer.In addition,film-covering measures tended to form shallow concentrate roots and straw mulching measures easily formed a deep homogeneous distribution roots.So,ridge culture with straw mulching was recommended to improve population quality and increase yield in cold and arid regions.