中国海洋牧场研究现状与发展

本文对中国海洋牧场自建设以来的研究工作进行了综述,分析了国内外海洋牧场建立的背景与必要性,介绍了我国海洋牧场的研究内容和基本状况。阐述了国外海洋牧场研究内容与研究经验,特别是日本在海洋牧场研究方面的经验总结,国外研究者提出海洋牧场建立的终极目标是恢复自然生态系统。我国海洋牧场当前的研究侧重于牧场本身的建立与增殖种群数量恢复方面,对于牧场生态系统的研究虽有所涉猎,但多停留在研究初级阶段,研究精度与深度不够。提出我国海洋牧场今后研究重心应集中于牧场生态系统实时食物网结构与能量传递方面,在此基础上提高海洋牧场生产力,并建立海洋牧场与周边水域的自然营养通道以逐步改善与恢复海洋生态系统。

Present situation and future development of marine ranching construction in China

This paper reviews the marine ranching researches in China since its construction, including introduction of the background and necessity of marine ranching construction in China, and summarizes research process, research content and current basic state of the marine ranching in China. At the same time, we reviewed the research content and development process of marine ranching in foreign countries, especially summarized the research experience of marine ranching in Japan. From their research on marine ranching, researchers of foreign countries concluded that the ultimate goal of marine ranching construction was to restore its natural ecosystem. The current researches of marine ranching in China were focused on their own construction of marine ranching and the population restoration of the enhancement and releasing species. Although there were some researches about the ecological system of marine ranching in China, most of them stayed in the primary research stage, without depth and accuracy. Many research parameters of these researches were introduced from the results of other research works, with no consideration of the differences between natural and artificial sea areas, and the regional differences among marine ranching. The future focus of research work about marine ranching in China should be concentrated on the food web and energy flow of marine ranching''s ecosystem, in order to promote the production of marine ranching,and to provide a scientific basis for the study of natural nutrient channels between artificial reef areas and surrounding waters for ecosystem construction.