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农田汇水河道水生植物原位净化工程处理效果分析
引用本文:张迎颖,闻学政,姚一丹,杨非,王岩,刘海琴,张志勇. 农田汇水河道水生植物原位净化工程处理效果分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2019, 38(7): 1607-1615
作者姓名:张迎颖  闻学政  姚一丹  杨非  王岩  刘海琴  张志勇
作者单位:江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院, 南京 210094,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;东南大学能源与环境学院, 南京 210096,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1003-3);国家重大科技专项水体污染控制与治理专项(2017ZX07202004-007);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41201533)
摘    要:为了研究水生植物原位净化工程处理效果,于2017年5—11月,在江苏省泗洪县四河乡的农田汇水河道,利用水葫芦和绿狐尾藻构建组合生态浮床,沿着水流方向设置4个水质采样点,每月监测水体基本理化指标,主要包括水温(T)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、悬浮物(SS),分析河段水质沿程变化;在试验开始时、每次采收时监测单位面积植物生物量,干物质含量与氮磷含量,计算植物氮磷富集量。结果显示:植物种养后,沿程各采样点数据对比,水体pH值逐渐趋于中性;各采样时间数据对比,水体DO浓度呈升高趋势。在植物旺盛生长期(7—10月),组合生态浮床对河段水体TN、TP、COD和SS的沿程总消减率分别为50.41%~78.00%、44.62%~73.33%、46.15%~57.82%和33.33%~52.38%,其中最高值出现在8月。按照有效试验周期180 d(5—10月)计算,水葫芦的氮、磷去除量分别约为0.76 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.09 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1);绿狐尾藻的氮、磷去除量分别约为1.17 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.08 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。除了植物自身的吸收作用,根系微生物降解作用在污染物净化过程中也发挥了重要作用。在农田汇水河道原位净化工程中,水葫芦与绿狐尾藻组合生态浮床大幅消减水体氮磷浓度,有效降解有机物及拦截颗粒物,对于缓解下游水域富营养化问题具有积极的意义。

关 键 词:水生植物  农田径流  污染河道    
收稿时间:2018-11-14

Removal of contaminants in a farmland catchment river by aquatic macrophyte on floating beds
ZHANG Ying-ying,WEN Xue-zheng,YAO Yi-dan,YANG Fei,WANG Yan,LIU Hai-qin and ZHANG Zhi-yong. Removal of contaminants in a farmland catchment river by aquatic macrophyte on floating beds[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science( J. Agro-Environ. Sci.), 2019, 38(7): 1607-1615
Authors:ZHANG Ying-ying  WEN Xue-zheng  YAO Yi-dan  YANG Fei  WANG Yan  LIU Hai-qin  ZHANG Zhi-yong
Affiliation:Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
Abstract:This study was designed to determine the efficiency of contaminants removal from a farmland catchment river via aquatic macrophytes growing on floating beds. A field experiment utilizing floating beds with Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms and Myriophyllum elatinoides Gaudich. was conducted in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, China, from May to November in 2017. After plant cultivation, water samples were collected at 4 sites along the river. The physical and chemical indexes of the river, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorous(TP), chemical oxygen demand(CODCr), and suspended solids(SS)were monitored every month during the experiment, to analyze changes in water quality along the river. Fresh weight, dry matter content, and N and P contents of the plants were monitored on May 11, June 11, August 7, September 13, and November 19, to calculate the amount of absorption of N and P in plant tissues. Based on the comparison of data among sampling points, pH tended to be neutral along the river. Based on the comparison of data of intermediate and initial period, DO concentration showed an increasing trend. During the vigorous growth phase of the aquatic plants(from July to October), the total removal rates of TN, TP, CODCr and SS in river water were 50.41%~78.00%, 44.62%~73.33%, 46.15%~57.82% and 33.33%~52.38% along the river, respectively, and the highest removal rates occurred in August. Based on calculations during the effective experimental cycle of 180 d(from May to October), the amounts of N and P removed by E. crassipes were 0.76 g·m-2·d-1 and 0.09 g·m-2·d-1, respectively; the amounts of N and P removed by M. elatinoides were 1.17 g·m-2·d-1 and 0.08 g·m-2·d-1, respectively. In addition to the assimilation by marcophytes, degradation by root microorganisms also played an important role in the purification of contaminants. These results indicate that ecological floating beds with E. crassipes and M. elatinoides can effectively decrease the concentrations of N and P, degrade organic contaminants and retain particulate matter, which have positive impacts on the alleviation of eutrophication in downstream waters.
Keywords:aquatic macrophyte  agriculture runoff  polluted river  nitrogen  phosphorus
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