施氮量对小麦氮素代谢关键酶活性的影响

合理的施氮量可提高小麦氮素代谢关键酶活性,促进小麦籽粒氮素累积和利用,进而获得高产。为掌握小麦最佳施氮量及其促高产的生化机理,以晋麦104号为材料,设置0 kg·hm~(-2)、120 kg·hm~(-2)、240 kg·hm~(-2)、360 kg·hm~(-2)四个施氮水平,研究了施氮量对小麦产量及其氮素代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果显示,小麦产量随氮肥用量增加先升后降,施氮240 kg·hm~(-2)时最高。小麦旗叶氮素代谢关键酶活性在开花期后随时间推移呈先升后降之势;且均随施氮量增加而先升后降,施氮240 kg·hm~(-2)时,小麦旗叶GS、NR、GPT、GOGAT等关键酶活性最高。小麦旗叶氮素代谢关键酶活性与籽粒产量均显著相关。240kg·hm~(-2)施氮量通过改善小麦氮素代谢关键酶活性,提高氮素代谢水平,从而增加小麦籽粒产量。

Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Key Enzyme Activities Related to Nitrogen Metabolism in Wheat

Nitrogen is an important element in the growth and development of wheat. Rational nitrogen rate can increase the key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in wheat,promote nitrogen accumulation and utilization of wheat grain,and achieve high yield. In order to explore the optimum nitrogen application rate for promoting high yield of wheat,Jintai 148 was selected as the material,and the nitrogen rates of 0 kg·hm^-2,120 kg·hm^-2,240 kg·hm^-2 and 360 kg·hm^-2 were applied as 4 treatments,to study the effect of nitrogen rate on key enzymes activities related to yield and nitrogen metabolism of wheat.The results showed that wheat yield was increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate and reached the peak under 240 kg·hm^-2. The key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in wheat flag leaves increased and then deceased with the development from anthesis to maturity. The enzyme(GS,NR,GPT and GOGAT) activities enhanced and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rates and reach to the maximum under 240 kg·hm^-2. Wheat grain yield was closely related to key enzyme activities in flag leaf. The analysis indicated that nitrogen rate of 240 kg·hm^-2 improved the key enzyme activities,and then increase the grain yield.