向日葵菌核病接种方法及品种抗病性鉴定

为建立有效的向日葵菌核病田间接种鉴定方法,以核盘菌菌丝体悬浮液和孢子悬浮液作为接种物,分别对抗、感向日葵品种在现蕾期、始花期和盛花期进行人工接种,并对接种后保湿材料和保湿时间进行比较。试验结果表明:两种接种物均可使向日葵抗、感品种产生盘腐症状。用菌丝体悬浮液和孢子悬浮液接种时,浓度分别为10.0~15.0g/L和200~500个/mL,始花期接种,牛皮纸袋保湿2~4d,即可区分出向日葵品种间抗感性差异。用此方法鉴定出13个对盘腐型菌核病表现抗病的向日葵品种。

Inoculation methods of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower heads and identification of variety resistance

In order to establish the effective field inoculation method of Sclerotinia disease, the S. sclerotiorum mycelia suspension and spore suspension were used as the inoculums to inoculate the resistant and susceptible varieties of sunflowers, respectively, during the squaring period, early flowering season and full-bloom period. Effects of moisture material and moisture retention time on occurence of S. sclerotiorum were also compared. The results showed that both inoculation methods could make infection of both resistant and susceptible varieties of sunflowers by S. sclerotiorum. Inoculated with the mycelium suspension and spore suspension at the concentrations of 10.015.0 g/L or 200-500 spore/mL during the early flowering period with kraft paper moisture for 24 d, the difference between the resistant and susceptible varieties of sunflowers could be differentiated immediately. With this identification method, 13 sunflower varieties were identified to be resistant to the sclerotinia rot.