水氮供应与番茄产量和生长性状的关联性分析

【目的】优化温室栽培水肥管理模式，协调作物生长与产量之间的均衡发展，对于高效节水和作物优质高产种植具有重要意义。通过不同灌水施氮试验处理，探讨西北日光温室膜下滴灌番茄水氮供应对产量的影响，揭示影响番茄产量的生长群组指标，并获得较优的灌水施氮模式。【方法】本试验研究膜下滴灌不同水氮供应对温室番茄产量的影响，并采用典型相关分析和灰色关联度分析方法对番茄产量和生长性状进行关联性分析。以温室田间试验为基础，设置3个施氮量水平：高氮（N3，常规施氮，350 kg·hm^-2）、中氮（N2，常规施氮减28.5%，250 kg·hm^-2）、低氮（N1，常规施氮减57%，150 kg·hm^-2）；灌水量设置3个水平：高水（I3，充分灌水，1.0Ep）、中水（I2，轻度亏水，0.75Ep）、低水（I1，重度亏水，0.5Ep），其中，Ep为Ф20 cm标准蒸发皿累积蒸发量，采用完全随机区组设计，共9个处理，3次重复。试验于温室内进行膜下滴灌，灌水周期设为7-10 d，各处理灌水量通过水表控制；供试磷肥和钾肥各处理用量相同，定植前将全部腐熟有机肥、磷肥80%、钾肥50%与部分各氮肥处理（50、150、250 kg·hm^-2）作为基肥施入耕作层，其余磷、钾肥和剩余氮肥（100 kg·hm^-2）在番茄第一穗果实膨大期、第三穗果实膨大期2次等量均匀随灌溉水追施。【结果】灌水量相同时，番茄产量均随施氮量增加先升高后降低；施氮量相同时，中水和高水处理番茄产量要显著高于低水处理，而两者处理间差异不显著；作物产量随施氮量和灌水量的增加呈二次抛物线变化趋势；通过典型相关分析可知，株高和叶面积的增加可能引起单果重的增加和产量的降低，而根长和干物质的升高可能引起产量的提高和单果重的降低；由灰色关联度分析方法进一步可得，生长性状对产量的关联程度大小表现为：根长＞干物质＞株高＞叶面积＞茎粗。【结论】中水中氮处理（灌水量为222.8 mm，施氮量为250 kg·hm^-2）是番茄产量较优的水氮供应模式；根长和干物质是影响产量的重要生长指标。

The Correlation Analysis Between Tomato Yield,Growth Characters and Water and Nitrogen Supply

【Objective】 A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and nitrogen on tomato yield and reveal the growth index of group which affected tomato yield and finally obtained the optimal model of irrigation and fertilization in solar greenhouse in Northwestern China. 【Method】The experiment was carried out to explore the effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on tomato yield, and methods of canonical correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis were used to explore the correlation of tomato yield and growth character. The treatment comprised three levels of nitrogen (N1, 150 kg·hm^-2; N2, 250 kg·hm^-2; N3, 350 kg·hm^-2) and three levels of irrigation (I1, 0.5Ep; I2, 0.75Ep; I3, 1.0Ep), Ep is the cumulative evaporation of Ф20 cm standard evaporating dish. The treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. The irrigation amount of drip irrigation system was controlled by water meter, and watering frequency was 7 to 10 d. All rotten organic fertilizer, 50% of P fertilizer, 80% of K fertilizer and part of the nitrogen (50, 150, 250 kg·hm^-2) were applied before transplanting. The amounts of P and K fertilizer were same in each treatment. And the rest of P, K and N (100 kg·hm^-2) fertilizers which were divided into the same amount of two were applied during the first and third fruit enlargement periods with the irrigation water. 【Result】The tomato yield reduced after the first rise with the increasing of applied N rates nitrogen when irrigation water was the same. Tomato yield in I2 and I3 treatments were significantly higher than I1 treatment. The tomato yield presented a trend of quadratic parabola curve with the increasing of N-rate and irrigation water amount. The canonical correlation analysis showed that the increase of plant height and leaf area may cause the increasing of fruit weight and yield reduction and the increase of root length and dry matter lead improving yield and reducing fruit weight. The grey correlation analysis method showed the order of correlation between growth traits and yield was root, plant height, leaf area, dry matter and stem diameter. 【Conclusion】The W2N2 treatment was optimal with irrigation amount of 222.8 mm and nitrogen rate of 250 kg·hm^-2. Root length and dry matter could be used as important growth indexes to control yield.