Sediment,Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and Bottom Fauna as Indicators of Effluent Discharged from the Pulp and Paper Mill Complex at Kemi,Northern Finland |
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Authors: | Pöykiö Risto Taskila Eero Perämäki Paavo Nurmesniemi Hannu Kivilinna Veli-Antti Kuokkanen Toivo Virta Pirkko |
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Institution: | (1) The Town Planning and Building Committee, The Environmental Research Division, City Hall, City of Kemi, Valtakatu 26, FIN-94100 Kemi, Finland;(2) PSV Maa ja Vesi Oy-Jaakko Pöyry Infra, P.O. Box 20, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland;(3) Department of Chemistry University of Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland;(4) Stora Enso Oyj, Veitsiluoto Mills, FIN-94830 Kemi, Finland;(5) Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab, Kemi Mills, FIN-94200 Kemi, Finland |
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Abstract: | This paper compares the long-term data of EOX (Extractable Organic Halogens) determinations in sediments, trichloroguaiacol, i.e. 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol and 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, determinations in the bile of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and changes in bottom fauna communities (Pontoporeia affinis L., Mesidotea entomon L., Valvata spp. L.) during 1994–2003. The study area is located at Kemi, on the Gulf of Bothnia, Northern Finland, and is affected by effluent discharged from the pulp and paper mills of Stora Enso Oyj and Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab. The Kemi municipal sewage plant, and River Kemijoki also impose a load in the same area. The main purpose of the study was to assess whether the state of the exposed water ecosystem has improved on the basis of the concentrations of organochlorine compounds in sediment and in perch, due to the modernisation of the wastewater treatment at the mills. In addition, we also investigated whether the changes in the bottom fauna community indicate an improvement in the purification of the effluents. The results indicate that the concentrations of trichloroguaiacols (–1) in perch reflect the decreased discharges of chlorinated substances from the mills. The EOX concentrations in bottom sediments have also decreased to below 50 of Cl g–1 in most parts of the study area, which is in good agreement with the reduction in the discharge of organochlorines. According to the long-term changes in bottom fauna, the reduction in the discharge of organochlorine compounds due to modernisation of the pulp mills is reflected in a recovery of the benthic fauna, especially Valvata spp. L. and Pontoporeia affinis L. |
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Keywords: | EOX chlorophenols trichloroguaiacols Perca fluviatilis Pontoporeia affinis Mesidotea entomon Valvata spp pulp and paper mills |
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