新乡市小麦磷钾养分丰缺指标与推荐施肥量研究

[目的]为小麦的科学施肥提供依据。[方法]通过对新乡市2005~2012年多点磷钾肥效试验研究,初步探讨小麦的磷钾养分丰缺指标、推荐施用量。[结果]以小麦相对产量50%、75%和95%为标准,获得磷钾养分丰缺指标,建立小麦磷钾养分丰缺指标数学模型为y=17.513ln(x)+31.519(R=0.801 8)和y=13.896ln(x)+27.246(R=0.805 0),提出合理的施肥量。[结论]当土壤有效磷含量处于极低、低、中、高和极高等级时,相应的磷肥(P2O5)的推荐用量分别为105~165、75~135、45~105、30~75和15~45 kg/hm2;当土壤速效钾含量处于极低、低、中、高和极高等级时,相应的钾肥(K2O)的推荐用量分别为120~180、90~150、60~120、30~60和15~30 kg/hm2。

Tentative Study of Index of Adequacy and Inadequacy of Phosphorous and Potassium of Wheat in Xinxiang City and Recommended amounts of Chemical Fertilizer

[Objective] The research aimed to provide the foundation for scientific fertilizing.[Method] Based on the experiment ot the effects of fertilizers of phosphorous and potassium from 2005 to 2012 in Xinxiang City,the index of adequacy and inadequacy of phosphorous and potassium of wheat and recommended amounts of chemical fertilizers were explored.[Result] Taking the relative output 50％,75％,95％ as criterion,the indexes of adequacy and inadequacy of phosphorous and potassium were obtained,and the mathematics models of index of adequacy and inadequacy of phosphorous and potassium of wheat,namely,y =17.513ln（x） ＋31.519（R =0.801 8）and y =13.896ln（x）＋ 27.246 （R =0.805 0） were established.And the reasonable amounts of fertilizing were proposed.[Conclusion] When the effective phosphorous in soil was in extremely low,low,medium,high,extremely high rank respectively,the counter amounts of P2O5 was 105-165、75-135、45-105、30-75 and 15-45 kg/hm2.When the effective potassium in soil was in extremely low,low,medium,high,extremely high rank respectively,the counter amounts of K2O was 120-180、90-150、60-120、30-60 and 15-30 kg/hm2.