有机肥改土对人参生长发育及产量和品质的影响

为了探讨有机肥改土对农田人参生长发育及产量和品质的影响。以当地的二年生二马牙类型参苗为试材,在农田砂壤土施用鹿粪、猪粪、牛粪和树叶肥4种有机肥进行土壤改良,施肥量分3个处理为7.5、15.0和22.5 kg/m2。各种肥料均适宜人参生长发育需求,移栽第三年以树叶肥为佳;增大施肥量有使株高、叶长、叶柄长、叶宽增加的趋势。各种肥料均有促进人参提前发育的效果,尤以牛粪、猪粪为佳。不同有机肥施量对人参株型无明显影响。施肥种类对人参产量有一定影响,鹿粪的产量最低,猪粪效果最好,较鹿粪增产20.07%,人参产量和人参平均单支重均随着施肥量的增加而逐步上升,以22.5 kg/m2施肥量最佳。农田土壤经有机肥改土,可促进人参茎叶发育,提高人参批叶数,人参产量,人参单支重。

Effect on Growth,Yield and Quality of Ginseng by the Soil Improvement through the Application of Organic Fertilizers

The purpose was to discuss the effect of soil improvement through the application of organic fertilizers on growth,yield and quality of ginseng.With local 2-year-old ginseng with ermaya type as tested material,the soil improvement was conducted with 4 kinds of organic fertilizers as deer,pig, cattle and leaf manure,with the 3 dosage treatments of 7.5 kg/m2,15.0 kg/m2 and 22.5 kg/m2.Every organic fertilizer could meet the need of the ginseng growth and development,with the effect on leaf manure used in third year being optimum.Increase of manure application amount made the plant height,leaf length,petiole length and leaf width trend to increase.Every organic fertilizer could have effect in promoting the ginseng development ahead of time,especially with the effect of cattle and pig manure as optimum.The different dosage of organic fertilizers had no obvious effect on plant type of ginseng.The kinds of organic fertilizers had some effect on the yield of ginseng.Applying deer manure had lowest yield and applying pig manure had highest yield,increasing 20.07% than deer manure.With the increase of manure application amount,the ginseng yield and mean single branch weight could rise gradually,with the effect of dosage of 22.5 kg/m2 being optimum.The farmland soil improved by organic fertilizers could promote the stem and leaf development of ginseng and increase batch leaf number,yield and single branch weight of ginseng.