新疆野生白柄马鞍菌营养价值的探测

白柄马鞍菌为生长在荒漠地区特有品种,在新疆塔里木盆地的胡杨林区分布广泛;一般在胡杨林带趾被枯枝落叶覆盖着,深约2～3cm,一年出菇一次,菌盖波折多皱,色黑近似木耳,食之菌肉柔软细腻,味道鲜美,目前仍处在野生状态。营养成分经分析比较;总的具备食用菌一般特性,其中氨基酸和维生素的含量极为丰富。维生素C高于银耳、维生素B_1高于银耳、木耳、维生素B_2高于银耳、香菇、平菇。人体必需氢基酸含量比双孢蘑菇、香菇、平菇、松蕈、竹荪都高。人体半必需氨基酸及其精氨酸、但氨酸含量高于双孢蘑菇、香菇、平菇、粗柄羊肚菌、松蕈、竹荪。因此说白柄马鞍菌是一种营养丰富,利用价值较高的野生食用菌。应该加以开发和利用,并保护其野生资源,进一步进行研究人工驯化和繁育工作。

Probe on Nutrient Value of Wild Helvella Abipes Fuck of Xinjiang

Helvella abipes, a peculiar species occuring in desert areas is widely distributed in the euphrates popular forests of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, such as in Luntai county, Bachu county and so on. They grow in depth of 2-3 cm, covered with dead littcr in the forests and yield once a year with their full fruit period mainly from the beginning to the middle of May. Because of its wrinkle corrugated and black colored pileus which is similar to that of Auricularia auricula, local people call it "wooden ear mushroom". The fungus is delicious and with soft, fine and smooth context for cooking. At present, it is still in wild condition. Results of analyzing nutrient composition show that it is of normal characteristics of all cdible fungi, that is, with high protein, low fat and rich carbohydrate, mineral clements, vitaminsetc., of which the content of aminoacid and vitamin C are particularly rich. Content of V.C in the fungus is higher than that in Tremella fuciformis and V.B1 higher than both in T. fuciformis and in A. auricula. V.B2 is higher than that in T. fuciformis, Lentinus edodes and Plcurotus ostreatus. Contents of essential amino acid in H. abipes are again higher than that in Agaricus bisporus, L. edodes, P. ostreatus, Tricholoma matsutake and Dictyophora indusiata. Similarly semi-dispensable amino acid, arginine, histidine are also higher than that in A. bisporus, L. edodes, P. ostreatus, Morchella crassipes, T. matsutake and D. indusiata. Hence, it is a rich-nutrient wild edible fungus with high value for application. It should be devcloped and used. Its wild resources should be protected and works on artificial domestication and breed should be taken further.