菜薹硝酸盐积累与品种、营养品质之间的关系

为获得3种不同颜色菜薹的硝酸盐积累和营养品质间的关系,以绿菜薹(菜心)、白菜薹和红菜薹为试验材料,采用水肥一体化种植和对菜薹的营养品质测定相关方法对不同颜色菜薹的硝酸盐积累与维生素C、可溶性固形物等营养品质间的关系进行研究。结果表明:绿、白和红菜薹不同品种间硝酸盐含量差异显著。硝酸盐聚类分析将44个菜薹品种划分为硝酸盐含量高和低的2个类群:硝酸盐含量高的类群(33个品种)中包括绿菜薹33个品种中的31个品种和白菜薹5个品种中的2个品种;硝酸盐含量低的类群(11个品种)包含2个绿菜薹品种和3个白菜薹品种,另6个红菜薹品种均属于硝酸盐含量低品种。菜薹硝酸盐积累与其营养指标密切相关,根据硝酸盐含量和营养品质指标(包括维生素C、还原糖、可溶性固体物质和蛋白质含量)的聚类分析结果分为3类:第1类包含32个绿菜薹品种和2个白菜薹品种,为高硝酸盐含量和营养品质指数低的品种;第2类包含6个红菜薹品种和2个白菜薹品种,为低硝酸盐含量和营养品质较高的品种;第3类包含1个绿菜薹和1个白菜薹品种,硝酸盐含量低且营养品质佳的品种。PCA分析表明,硝酸盐积累与各营养指标存在差异,且相关性分析也证实硝酸盐与营养指标存在显著相关。菜薹硝酸盐与营养品质分类和相关性分析为筛选和选育低硝酸盐高品质品种奠定基础。

The Relationship of Nitrate Accumulation with Nutritional Values and Species of Flowering Chinese Cabbage Cultivars

To identify the relationship between nitrate content and nutritional values of 3 different color cultivars of flowering Chinese cabbage, green cultivars (Caixin), red and white cultivars were analyzed for accumulation of nitrate, vitamin C, soluble solids and other nutritional qualities by technology of integral control of water and fertilization. Results revealed the nitrate contents of green, red and white cultivars were significantly different. The clustering analysis based on the nitrate content classified the 44 cultivars into 2 classes, one class contained 33 cultivars belonging to high nitrate content including 31 of 33 green cultivars and 2 of 5 white cultivars, the other class contained 11 cultivars belonging to low nitrate content including 2 green, 2 white and 6 red flowering Chinese cabbage. According to the nitrate content and nutritional values including vitamin C, reducing sugar, soluble solid material and the protein contents of the 44 cultivars, the clustering analysis classified the cultivars into 3 classes: the first class included 32 green and 2 white cultivars representing the high nitrate content and low nutritional value class; the second class included 6 red and 2 white cultivars with low nitrate content and good nutritional value; the third class included 1 green and 1 white cultivars with the lowest nitrate content and excellent nutritional value. PCA analysis revealed nitrate accumulation had significant difference from other nutritional values and the correlation analysis also showed that nitrate content had significant or highly significant relation with other nutritional factors. The classification engineering based on nitrate content and nutritional values provided significant information for screening and breeding of flowering Chinese cabbage with low nitrate content and supreme quality.