肥密互作对宽幅匀播旱地冬小麦产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

为了探明宽幅匀播条件下旱地冬小麦优质高效栽培技术,选用旱地冬小麦品种“兰天26”为试材,采用裂区试验设计。主区为施肥量,设高、中、低3个施肥水平(N:120、150、180 kg/hm^2;P2O5:90、105、120 kg/hm^2),钾肥用量恒定(K2O:60 kg/hm^2)。副区设4个种植密度(190、230、270、310 kg/hm^2),研究了不同施肥量和种植密度对宽幅匀播旱地冬小麦产量、品质与水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明,施肥量和种植密度均显著影响宽幅匀播旱地冬小麦产量及产量构成因素。有效穗数主要受肥料水平的影响,而穗粒数和千粒重对密度反应敏感。施肥量F120~F150、种植密度D190~D270范围内,产量随施肥量和种植密度的增加而增加;当施肥量超过F150、种植密度大于D270时产量下降。研究结果还表明,F120~F150和D270~D310组合,品质产量协同提高;在F120~F180范围内,随着施肥水平的逐步提高,水分利用效率分别提高了48.5和24.8,但提高率下降。综合考虑产量、品质和水分利用效率等因素,在本试验条件下,实现宽幅匀播旱地冬小麦高产、优质、节水的适宜施肥量为N 150 kg/hm^2、P2O5 105 kg/hm^2、K2O 60 kg/hm^2,种植密度为270 kg/hm^2。

Effects of Densities and Fertilizer Application on Yield,Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat under Wide Uniform Planting

In order to explore the optimum fertilizer application and planting density for higher grain yield,quality and water use efficiency,and to provide basis for the development to fractional cultivation measures,the wide uniform planting method were used in this study.Under field condition,three fertilization rates(N:120、150、180 kg/hm^2,P2O5:90、105、120 kg/hm^2 and K:60 kg/hm^2)and four regimes of planting density(190,230,270 and 310 kg/hm^2)were applied to study the interaction between fertilizer and density on grain yield,quality and water use efficiency of dryland wheat.The results showed that planting density,fertilization rate and the interaction between them had significant effects on grain yield and yield components of dryland winter wheat under wide uniform planting;the number of productive ear was sensitive to fertilization,whereas the kernel number and weight were mainly affected by plant density;in the range of fertilizer application F120~F150 and planting density D190~D270,the yield increased with the increase of fertilizer application and planting density;when the amount of fertilizer applied exceeded F150 and the planting density was greater than D270,the yield decreased;The results also showed that the combination of F120~F150 and D270~D310 could improve the quality and yield;in the range of F120~F180,the water use efficiency increased by 48.5%and 24.8%with the gradual increase of fertilization level,but the water use efficiency increasing rate decreased.Considering yield,quality,water use efficiency and other factors comprehensively,under the conditions of this experiment,the suitable fertilizer application amounts for achieving high yield,high quality and water saving of dryland winter wheat under wide uniform planting were N 150 kg/hm^2,P2O5 105 kg/hm^2,K2O 60 kg/hm^2,and the planting density was 270 kg/hm^2.