龙眼与荔枝属间杂种植株生长与茎解剖结构特征及其相关性分析

以‘早熟’龙眼、‘紫娘喜’荔枝及其属间杂种(1、2、4、9、10、18号)单株为试验材料,采用徒手切片法和组织离析法观察其枝干木质部解剖结构,测定其形态特征、有机营养成分及光合速率等指标,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:杂种的树皮率、射线宽度和导管密度均小于亲本,杂种的导管分子长度大于亲本;除9号单株外,杂种的导管分子内径、一端具尾频率、株高、茎直径、叶面积、节间距均显著大于亲本,表现出明显的杂种优势;生长势强的杂种单株叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量、游离氨基酸含量和净光合速率均高于生长势弱的单株;株高、叶面积、节间距与树皮率呈极显著负相关,茎粗与树皮率呈显著负相关;光合速率和导管总面积与木质部面积的比值、导管分子内径和一端具尾频率呈显著正相关,与导管分子两端具尾频率呈显著负相关;叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量均和导管总面积与木质部面积的比值呈显著正相关,氨基酸含量与导管分子内径、导管分子长度呈显著正相关,分别与导管密度、射线宽度呈极显著、显著负相关。

The plant growth and characteristics of stem anatomical structure and its correlation analysis in genus hybrid of Dimocarpus longanandLitchi chincnsis

Six genus hybrids and their parents (Dimocarpus longan variety 'Zaoshu' ×Litchichincnsis variety 'Ziniangxi') were used as test materials, the anatomical structures of xylem in root and stem were observed by manual microtomyand tissue segregation procedure, and the morphological characteristics, the organic nutrition and the photosynthetic rate of the tested materials were determined, and correlational analyses of the indexes were conducted. The results showed that the ratio of bark, ray width and vessel density of the hybrids were all less than those of the parents , and the vessel elements lengths of the hybrids were greater than those of the parents; except No 9 single plant, the diameter of vessel elements , the frequency of the vessel with tail in one end, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, the length of internode were significantly greater than the parents, showed the obvious heterosis; in addition, the soluble, starch content, free amino acid content and the net photosynthetic rate of the strong plants of hybrids were greater than those of the weak plants; plant height, leaf area and internodespacing were high significant negative correlation ,with the bark rate and plant height was significant negative correlation with the bark rate; photosynthesis rate of hybrid was significant positive correlation with the ratio of total vessel area to xylem area, the diameter of vessel and the rate of vessel with tail in one end , but was negative correlation with the rate of vessel with tails in two ends; the soluble sugar content and starch content of the hybrid leaves were significant positive correlation with the ratio of total area to xylem area; the amino acid content was very significant or significant positive correlation with the diameter and length of the vessel element, but was negative correlation with the vessel density and ray width.