Water-Soluble Ions and Trace Metals in Airborne Particles Over Urban Areas of the State of São Paulo, Brazil: Influences of Local Sources and Long Range Transport |
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Authors: | Pérola C. Vasconcellos Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Roy E. Bruns Odon Sanchez-Ccoyllo Maria F. Andrade Marlene Flues |
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Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Química, Universidade de S?o Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil 2. Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block ES, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore 3. Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil 4. Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, Rua do Mat?o 1226, 05508-090, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil 5. Center for Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Nuclear Research, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract: | The atmosphere over Brazilian cities is influenced by a variety of emissions sources. In this study, aerosol collection and back-trajectory analysis were used to determine the influence of local and remote sources. Aerosols were collected at three locations within the state of São Paulo: one megacity and two cities in which sugar cane burning in the surroundings is observed. We quantified the major water-soluble inorganic ions and trace metals. As expected, vehicle emissions influenced the atmosphere of the megacity heavily, and sugar cane burning influenced that of the other locations. During the period of this experiment the back-trajectory analysis revealed that air masses are transported into the state from the northeast of Brazil, where biomass burning occurs. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the two principal components account for 48.5% of the total data variance. We conclude that local sources have a strong impact on the concentrations of particulate matter and pollutants. Remote sources also contribute to the concentrations of aerosol pollutants. |
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