The fast consolidation of grassland topsoil |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. School of Environment, Resources & Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States;4. Merriam Powell Center for Environmental Research & Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States;5. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom;1. School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;2. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;3. School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;1. Research Centre-Physics, Department of Science and Humanities, PES University - Electronic City Campus, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bangalore 562112, India;3. Department of Chemistry, K.L.E Societies P.C. Jabin Science College, Hubballi 580031, India;4. Nano-Composites and Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru 572103, India;5. Department of Chemistry, PES University, Electronic City Campus, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India |
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| Abstract: | Fast consolidation was observed in two wet topsoils from grassland when subjected to a transient pressure of 300 kPa by an oedometer. This treatment was used to simulate the pressure exerted by the hoof of a walking dairy cow. The rate of fast deformation, in the range 33–40 mm s−1, was independent of the viscosity of the expressed fluid. The results are interpreted with reference to the Kelvin model of consolidation and to Poiseuille's equation of fluid flow. Evidence is provided that large soil pores can be collapsed by the transient pressure applied by hooves and wheels, even when water-filled. |
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