水氮耦合对玉米生长和产量的影响研究进展

近年来,气候变化与耕地面积不断缩减对粮食产量产生了巨大挑战。在农业生产中水、肥是必不可少的元素,两者在作物生长发育中紧密相连但又彼此制约,也是影响旱地农业生产和高产优质的必要因素。水氮耦合能调节影响作物吸收土壤水分和养分,并实现水肥一体化管理模式,在保证水肥资源高效利用的同时提高作物产量或不减产。玉米是一种典型的需水量大、需氮量多的作物,不同生育期对水、氮需求量不同,在玉米关键生育阶段水氮供应不足会影响其光合作用,进而影响干物质积累与分配,最终降低玉米产量,浪费农业资源。因此,本文主要综述了水氮耦合对玉米光合作用、干物质积累、水肥利用效率及产量的影响,明确玉米生育期内水氮耦合规律及其交互作用,以期为玉米合理灌溉及施肥提供指导。

Advances in Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Maize Growth and Grain Yield

In recent years, climate change and the continuous reduction of arable land have posed great challenges to food production.Water and fertilizer are essential elements in agricultural production. They are closely linked but mutually restricted in crop growth and development, and are also necessary factors affecting agricultural production in drylands and high yield and quality.Water and nitrogen coupling can regulate and affect the absorption of soil moisture and nutrients by crops, and realize the integrated management mode of water and fertilizer, so as to improve crop yield or not reduce yield while ensuring the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources.Maize is a typical cultivation crop with large water demand and large nitrogen demand. The water and nitrogen demand is different in different growth stages. Insufficient water and nitrogen supply in key growth stages of maize will affect photosynthesis, this in turn affects the accumulation and distribution of dry matter, ultimately reducing corn yield and wasting agricultural resources.Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield of maize, clarified the water and nitrogen coupling law and its interaction during maize growth period, and provided guidance for reasonable irrigation and fertilization of maize.