低温对桃花花粉生活力的影响

[目的]为提高桃的坐果率提供理论基础。[方法]通过用4、-3、-6℃的低温对5个品种的桃花花粉进行分时段处理,研究了低温对它们的花粉生活力和花粉管生长情况的影响。[结果]在-6、-3、4℃下,萌发率最高的是83-1,其次是武井早生,萌发率最低的是中油五号。在-6℃下处理7 h,各品种的萌发率大小依次为：双喜红〉83-1〉武井早生〉中油五号〉中油七号。双喜红、武井早生在观察的2 h中花粉管生长缓慢,中油五号、83-1在观察的1～2 h间花粉管生长缓慢,但在2～3 h间有一段快速生长的时间。结果表明,中油七号的花粉最不耐低温,武井早生和83-1都具有较强的耐低温能力。[结论]低温对桃花花粉萌发和花粉管生长影响十分明显,品种间差异很大。

Influence of Low Temperature on the Pollen Viability of Peach Flower

[Objective] The purpose of the research was to supply theoretical basis for enhancing the fruit-setting rate of peach.[Method] The influence of low temperature on the pollen viability of peach flower and growth status of their pollen tubes was researched through treating pollens of 5 peach varieties by low temperatures at 4,-3 and-6 ℃ and dividing periods.[Result] At-6,-3 and 4 ℃,the germination rate of 83-1 was highest,that of Wujingzaosheng was secondary and that of Zhongyou 5 was lowest.In the treatment at-6 ℃ for 7 h,the germination rates of all the varieties were as follows sequencely: Shuangxihong>83-1>Wujingzaosheng>Zhongyou 5>Zhongyou 7.In the 2 h of observation duration,the pollen tubes of Shuangxihong and Wujingzaosheng grew slowly,that of Zhongyou 5 and 83-1 grew slowly in the observation duration from the 1st hour to the 2nd hour,but they had a period of rapid growth in the duration from the 2nd hour to the 3rd hour.The results indicated that the pollen of Zhongyou 7 was least resistant to low temperature and Wujingzaosheng and 83-1 had stronger resistance to low temperature.[Conclusion] The influence of low temperature on the pollen germination of peach flower and growth of their pollen tubes was very obvious and there was very great difference among varieties.