浙江省规模化生猪养殖业节水减排补偿机制研究

本文旨在探索以补偿手段为主体的规模化生猪养殖业节水减排激励机制。在构造理论框架阐释畜禽养殖业节水减排的补偿机制后,通过实地调研和回归分析确认规模化生猪养殖户节水减排的规模经济效应。结果表明:畜禽养殖业节水减排的补偿机制是指在既定目标下,将当期的节水量与减排量作为下期的节水减排补贴,同时提高单位水价与单位排污费,以经济效益为诱因,激励养殖户采纳节水减排技术,直到形成合理的价格后,逐步取消补贴,最终使补贴激励转化为价格调控;规模化生猪养殖户节水减排的规模经济效应表现为,随着养殖规模的扩大,预计节水量和预计减排量均先减速递增,呈现出规模经济的特征,达最大值后加速递减,呈现出规模不经济的特征。因此,应从"梯价补贴"政策和配套措施安排2个方面设计规模化生猪养殖业节水减排补偿制度。

Compensation Mechanism of Water-Saving and Emission Reduction in Large-scale Pig Breeding Industry in Zhejiang Province

This study explored the compensation mechanism for water-saving and emission reduction in large-scale pig breeding industry. After explaining the compensation mechanism of water-saving and emission reduction in livestock and poultry breeding industry by constructing the theoretical framework, the scale economic effect of water-saving and emission reduction of large-scale pig farmers is confirmed through field investigation and regression analysis. The compensation mechanism of water-saving and emission reduction in livestock and poultry breeding industry refers to the way that under the set target, the current amount of water-saving and emission reduction will be taken as a subsidy for the next phase with increasing the unit price and the unit discharge at the same time, in order to adopt water-saving and emission reduction technologies in the inducement of economic benefit; until a reasonable price is formed, the subsidy will be phased out and eventually converted into price control. The scale economic effect of water-saving and emission reduction of large-scale pig farmers is shown as a fact that with the expansion of pig breeding scale, both the predicted amount of water-saving and the predicted amount of emissions reduction, slow down to increase first, presenting a characteristics of scale economies, speed up to reduce later when the maximum value is reached, characterized by a lack of economies of scale. The compensation system for water-saving and emission reduction in large-scale pig breeding industry should be designed from the two aspects of "Ladder Price Subsidy" policy and supporting measures arrangement.