Indigenous Agroforestry Systems in Amazonia: From Prehistory to Today |
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Authors: | Robert Pritchard Miller P K R Nair |
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Institution: | 1. Agência de Coopera??o Técnica a Programas Indigenistas e Ambientais, SCN Q. 6, Conj. A, Ed. Venancio 3000 Bl. A Sala 205, Brasília, DF, 70716, Brazil 2. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract: | Understanding the historical development of indigenous systems will provide valuable information for the design of ecologically
desirable agroforestry production systems. Such studies have been relatively few, especially in Amazonia. The agroforestry
systems in Amazonia follow a trail that begins with the arrival of the first hunter-gatherers in prehistoric times, followed
by the domestication of plants for agriculture, the development of complex societies rich in material culture, the decimation
of these societies by European diseases, warfare, and slavery, the introduction of exotic species, and finally, the present-day
scenario of widespread deforestation, in which agroforestry is ascribed a potential role as an alternative land use. Despite
the upheavals which occurred in colonial times, greatly reducing the population of native tribes, a review of anthropological
and ethnobiological literature from recent decades indicates that a great variety of indigenous agroforestry practices still
exist, ranging from deliberate planting of trees in homegardens and fields to the management of volunteer seedlings of both
cultivated and wild species. These practices result in various configurations of agroforestry systems, such as homegardens,
tree/crop combinations in fields, orchards of mixed fruit trees, and enriched fallows. Together they constitute a stock of
knowledge developed over millenia, and represent technologies that evolved along with the domestication of native forest species
and their incorporation into food production systems. This knowledge is the basis for the principal agroforestry practice
employed by farmers in Amazonia today, the homegarden, and has potential to contribute to the development of other agroforestry
systems. |
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Keywords: | Amazonian Indians Fruit tree domestication Homegardens Indigenous knowledge |
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