氯化钠对饲喂棉饼诱发山羊泌尿系结石的预防试验

16只3~5月龄阉割波尔公山羊随机分为4组,即对照Ⅰ组(n=3)、对照Ⅱ组(限水对照组n=3)、试验Ⅰ组(n=5)、试验Ⅱ组(限水试验组,n=5)。对照组饲喂羊精料和花生秧,试验组饲喂棉饼和稻草,同时在试验组棉饼中加入4%棉饼量的氯化钠,对照Ⅰ组和试验Ⅰ组在试验期间不限制饮水,而对照Ⅱ组和试验Ⅱ组每天限制饮水,经预试期后试验期为4个月。结果表明:(1)添加氯化钠各试验组均未发现临床型尿石症,未添加氯化钠对照Ⅰ组有1头发病,未添加氯化钠限水对照Ⅱ组有3头发病。(2)添加氯化钠不限制水组,山羊的饮水量、排尿量较未添加氯化钠组(对照组)明显增加,尿液pH值明显降低,且差异显著;而添加氯化钠限水组,山羊的排尿量、尿液pH值与限水对照组差异不显著。(3)两个试验组血清醛固酮含量较对照组明显降低,并且尿沉渣生成量明显减少。由此推测氯化钠预防棉饼诱发山羊泌尿系结石的机理是通过降低血清中的醛固酮含量,减轻醛固酮对肾脏的损害,减少了结石核心的形成和尿液中盐类结晶沉着点,在非限饮水的情况下羊还可通过增加饮水量和排尿量,使沉渣生成量减少,从而有效地防止尿石症的发生。

Preventive effect of sodium chloride on the formation of uroliths in the goats fed with cotton seed meals diets

Sixteen healthy castrated male boer goats aged from 3 to 5 months were randomly allotted to four groups: control groupⅠ(n=3),control groupⅡ(drinking water restriction,n=3),experimental groupⅠ(n=5),and experimental groupⅡ(drinking water restriction,n=5).Corn-soybean diet and peanut beanstalk were fed to the goats in the two control groups,while cotton seed meal and rice straw were fed in the two experimental groups,and at same time sodium chloride was added to the diets of experimental groups at a dosage of 40 g/kg cotton seed.One thousand and two hundreds milliliter(1 200 mL) of water was provided per day for the goats in the two groups with drinking water restriction.All the treatments were lasted for 4 months.This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of sodium chloride on the formation of urinary deposit caused by feeding of cotton seed cake diet in goats.The results showed that:(1) no urolithiasis cases appeared in the two experimental groups treated with sodium chloride addition in the diet,whereas one case was found in the control group Ⅰand three cases were found in the control group Ⅱ.(2) the water intake and urine volume in experimental group Ⅰwere significantly higher than those in control group Ⅰ,and the pH value in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter,but there were no significant differences in urine volume and pH value between the two drinking water restriction groups(experimental groupⅡ and control groupⅡ).(3) The concentrations of serum aldosterone and contents of urine potassiumin in the two experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the two control groups.It is suggested that sodium chloride might prevent calculus formation by increasing water intake and urine volume,and decreasing the level of serum aldosterone.