阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化特征及其与肥力的相关性分析

本文以电导、可溶性总盐含量和pH作为指标,将阜康绿洲的盐渍化类型划分为9种,其中以强盐渍土和盐土为主,在纬度梯度上从南至北,即从洪积扇下部到沙漠按照中盐渍土-强盐渍土-盐土-强盐渍土-盐土-非盐渍土的顺序依次分布。而土壤含水率却是从洪积下部至扇缘溢出带逐渐升高,在细土平原地区差异较大,在沙漠中又迅速降低。通过土壤剖面中有机质、全量N、P、K和速效N、P、K的分析,结果表明阜康荒漠自然状态下土壤肥力很低,各养分含量在空间上呈现规律性的变化,在纬度梯度上逐渐升高又在沙漠中降低。通过水盐与土壤肥力的相关性分析,结果表明:有机质、全N、P和速P与含水率、电导、总盐均具有显著和极显著正相关,而与pH成负相关,但相关性不显著。由于盐生植物的多样性,在盐渍土和盐土土壤肥力并无显著降低,只是土壤溶液的高盐浓度限制了植物对养分的吸收,因此防止和治理土壤盐渍化是发挥土地生产潜力的重要手段。

Analysis on the Relationship Between Soil Salinisation and Fertility in Fukang Oasis

According to soil pH,conductance and salt content,different soil salinity degrees were ploted out. There were types of salinisation levels in Fukang oasis,and strong saline soil and solonchak were the main types of soil. In latitude grads,from south to north i. e. from the lower of diluvial fan to desert middle saline soil,strong saline soil,solonchak,strong saline soil,solonchak and non -saline soil distributed in turn. From diluvial fan to fountain spill belt soil water content rose and then had large difference in the plain. Soil moisture was very low on sand dune. By analyzing the content of organic matter, total N,P,K and effective N,P,K,the results showed that all the soil nutrient had the same change rule in latitude grads,from the diluvial fan to desert,the content of soil nutrient rose and then decreased. By correlation analysis,the results showed that the relationships between the degree of soil salinity and organic matter,total N,P,K and effective P has very significant relationship,that is soil fertility does not decrease in salinity soil,so preventing the soil salinization is a very important method to increase the land product potential.