多小穗小麦10-A EMS突变株系的农艺性状评价

为深入了解多小穗小麦种质10-A EMS突变株系的表现,对经0.8%甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变种子产生的M₄突变株系群体的12个农艺性状进行了评价。结果表明,222个突变株系间在株高、穗长、总小穗数、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、穗粒数、单株产量等性状上差异极显著,群体具有丰富的变异。其中,突变株系群体中单株产量、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、千粒重和穗粒数的变异系数均大于20%,而抽穗期、小穗数、籽粒直线宽和籽粒直线长的变异系数均小于10%。多重比较表明,在株高、穗长、总小穗数、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、穗粒数和单株产量等性状上均能筛选到与10-A差异显著或极显著的突变株系。简单相关分析表明,突变株系的穗长与小穗数、穗粒数、抽穗期呈极显著正相关,与单株产量、千粒重、籽粒投影面积呈极显著负相关;突变株系的小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒投影面积呈极显著负相关。聚类分析可将所有突变株系材料分为七类,其中192份突变株系与10-A聚为类Ⅰ,其中亚类ⅠA和ⅠC材料的穗粒数和千粒重都较高,25份材料聚为类Ⅱ,而其他五类每类均只含有1份突变株系。本研究结果为深入了解小麦农艺性状的遗传规律和突变株系的遗传研究与育种利用提供了参考。

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Wheat Multi-spikelet Germplasm 10-A Induced by EMS

In order to understand the variation of EMS mutagenic lines of wheat multi-spikelet germplasm 10-A, 12 agronomic characterizations of M₄ mutagenic lines derived from 10-A seeds by treatment with 0.8% EMS mutagen were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences among 222 mutagenic lines population in agronomic traits. The variation coefficient of yield per plant, total number of tillers, effective number of tillers, 1000-grain weight and the number of grain per spike were exceed 20%, while the value of heading period, the number of spikelets per spike, the average straight width and length of grains were less than 10%. Multiple comparisons analysis indicated that extremely significant or significant differences in plant height, spike length, total number of spikelets per spike, total number of tillers, effective number of tillers, the number of grain per spike and yield per plant were observed between some mutagenic lines and 10-A. Simple correlation analysis showed that spike length was significantly positive correlated with the number of spikelet per spike, the number of grain per spike and heading period, and significantly negative with yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain projection area. The number of spikelets per spike was significantly positive correlated with the number of grain per spikelet, and significantly negative correlated with 1000-grain weight and grain projection area. Cluster analysis suggested that all mutagenic lines could be clustered roughly into seven groups. A total of 192 mutagenic lines were clustered with 10-A as group Ⅰ. The lines from subgroup ⅠA and ⅠC showed superior comprehensive traits with more number of grains per spike and higher 1000-grain weight. Group Ⅱ included 25 mutagenic lines. For the other five groups, each group contained only one mutagenic line. This study could provide references for further understanding of the genetic basis of wheat agronomic traits. The mutagenic lines derived from 10-A could be used as typical materials in wheat breeding.